Tell the difference between old immigrants and new immigrants  Before 1880s: Britain, Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia; skilled workers; spoke English.

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Presentation transcript:

Tell the difference between old immigrants and new immigrants  Before 1880s: Britain, Germany, Ireland, Scandinavia; skilled workers; spoke English After 1880’s: Ireland, Southern and eastern Europe  Czechs, Greeks, Hungarians, Italians, poles, Russians and Slovaks (native language); Eastern orthodoxy, Catholicism and Judaism

What role did railroad and steamship companies play in attracting immigrants?

What was steerage and what was the journey to America like for immigrants traveling in steerage? Area on ship’s lower levels near steering mechanisms Cramped Poor ventilation No privacy Seasickness Disease

How did immigrants adapt to the differences between the United States and their homelands? Lived in neighborhoods with others who shared their nationality Newspapers in own languages Founded schools, churches Local shops Store credit

What were tenements? Poorly built, overcrowded apartments

“Dumbbell” Tenement

“Dumbbell” Tenement, NYC

John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

John A. Roebling: The Brooklyn Bridge, 1913

Statue of Liberty, 1876 (Frederic Auguste Bartholdi)

“Dumbbell” Tenement

“Dumbbell “ Tenement, NYC

Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lived (1890)

Tenement Slum Living

Lodgers Huddled Together

Tenement Slum Living

Struggling Immigrant Families

Mulberry Street – “Little Italy”

St. Patrick’s Cathedral

Hester Street – Jewish Section

Pell St. - Chinatown, NYC

Urban Growth:

Pittsburgh: 86,332  321, %

Urban Growth:

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