>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Disaster Management Ns. Farida Yuanita, SKep

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What is a Disaster? A disaster is an event that causes human suffering and creates unmet needs and demands exceeding the abilities of the community to cope without outside assistance Disasters are defined by what they do to people and are therefore relative to the context in which they occur

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Types of Disasters Natural Disasters –meteorological –topological –disasters that originate underground –bacteriological Human-generated Disasters –warfare –civil disasters –accidents

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Types of Disasters Natural Man-made Technological Biological Unintentional Tsunamis, Floods, Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Wildfires, etc. e.g., Bhopal, Haz- Mat, Nuclear Power plant accident Epidemic e.g., 1918 Influenza Pandemic Intentional “Act of God” Chemical, Nuclear, Radiological, Explosion, Acts of Terrorism Bioterrorism

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Phases of a Disaster Pre-disaster Warning Impact Emergency isolation rescue remedy Recovery: Reconstruction, or rehabilitation

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Health Effects of Disasters Physical –Sleep disturbance –Poor concentration –Back pain –Tachycardia –Poor diet Psychological –Loss of self and relationships –Emotional pain –Brooding –Aggressive thoughts –Depression

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Health Effects of Disasters Sociocultural –Loss of intimacy –Loss of sense of belonging to once-claimed culture

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Populations at Risk in Disasters the chronically ill the elderly pregnant women disabled persons homebound persons children the poor

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Reactions of Children to a Disaster Developments level Family’s reactions Separation anxiety School refusals Enuresis Guilt

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Generally cope better Prob. related to chronic illness/resources Fear loss of independence Elderly Reactions

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Caregivers Reactions Same as Victim Role Strain Concerns over Personal Safety & Family Possessiveness towards victims Nurse - parent identification with pediatric victims Interventions clear disaster plans & disaster exercises

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> The Disaster Plan Purpose of disaster planning is to reduce a community’s vulnerability to the tremendous consequences of disasters and to prevent or minimize the problems resulting from system damages associated with the disaster Disaster plans must change as threats to the public’s health evolve

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Phases Pre-event

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Characteristics of Disaster Plans Plan based on realistic assessment of potential problems Estimates of types of injuries resulting from disasters most likely to occur in area included Plan is brief, concise, and inclusive of all who can provide disaster aid Plan is organized by a timeline

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Characteristics of Disaster Plans Plan is approved by all agencies that provide authority endorsement Plan is sanctioned by those with power to see that the plan is updated and implemented Plan is regularly tested and revised Plan is considered a work in progress

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Common Elements of Disaster Plans Authority Communication Equipment and supplies Human resources Team coordination Transportation Documentation Evacuation Rescue Acute care Supportive care Recovery Evaluation

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Disaster Management Goal is to prevent or minimize death, injury, suffering, and destruction Interdisciplinary, collaborative team effort coordinated by community officials

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Response and Recovery The team’s response is initiated during and after the impact stage of the disaster. Local, state, regional, national, federal, and volunteer agencies assist communities in need. Recovery is a long-term process that occurs during the rehabilitation stage of the disaster.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Role of the Nurse ??

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>  Emergency Nursing – (usually) involves the provision of nursing care for patient or patients with acute injuries or life threatening illnesses. (Usually) care is provided at ED, Urgent care, Trauma unit and/or ICU/CCU

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>  Disaster Nursing – involves response to (and preparedness for) natural or man-made events that affect an entire community or communities. (Usually) involve massive numbers of casualties and extensive property damage.

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Role of the Nurse at the Disaster Site Insure safety First Aid Emergency care

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Field Triage Category Respiration Radial Pulse LOC Critical/ Immediate > 30/min Absent Unconscious or AMS Delayed < 30/minPresent Normal Dead / Non-salvageable Absent Unconscious

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Role of the Nurse in a Shelter Objective: temporary means of caring Assessment Planing Implementation Evaluation

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Immediate Physical Management of the Disaster Victim Validate what you hear Perform a thorough assessment Assess for other injuries/illnesses even when symptoms are absent Is the condition life-threatening What is past medical history? Do not ignore patient fears or complaints

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of a Disaster Victim Pre-disaster Preparations and Warning Phase reactions: apathy to panic interventions: mock drills, leadership important goal interventions: mental health services

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of a Disaster Victim Impact and Emergency Phase reaction: “disaster syndrome” Interventions: prevent isolation, rumor control

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Management of the Psychosocial Aspects of a Disaster Victim Recovery Phase reaction interventions

>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >> Principles of Disaster Management Prevent the disaster Minimize casualties Prevent further casualties Rescue the victims First aid Evacuate Medical care Reconstruction