1 Lecture 3: Environmental Aircraft Eric Loth For AE 440 A/C Lecture Sept 2009

2 Important Tips for Design 1.Study existing designs as much as possible 2.For design technologies, “pluck the low-hanging fruit” for your mission 3.Start with the simplest analysis or mathematical model available to quantify 4.Build fidelity (not necessarily complexity) to improve analysis 5.Do something new (not necessarily crazy)

3 AIAA RFP Objective This RFP is for a future (2020) aircraft design that incorporates new technologies, operational procedures and alternative fuels. The design will target improvement in accordance with the National Aeronautics Research and Development Challenges, Goals and Objective. A 25% improvement lift-to-drag ratio should be targeted based on novel configuration utilizing multidiscipline configuration optimization and laminar flow technology. The resulting design should be assessed based on the configuration performance improvement, incorporation of new technologies, impacts of the alternative fuels, and emission requirements on the aircraft systems and planform. Identifying specific improvements to the environment in terms of carbon footprint, emissions and noise will be necessary as part of the design study. Other impacts on the economics such as increasing fuel costs and taxes on carbon footprint should be considered. The design shall be considered a 737NG/A320 replacement aircraft to have the greatest impact. The design shall be evaluated in relationship to its improvement over the aircraft it replaces.

4 Green Aircraft Aircraft account for 13% of Greenhouse Gas & this is expected to grow as HVAC, cars, trains, boats and other systems increase efficiency with electric, geothermal and wind resources There are many fabrication, ground operation & flight emissions associated with airline industry

5 Green Aircraft Aircraft account for 13% of Greenhouse Gas & this is expected to grow as HVAC, cars, trains, boats and other systems increase efficiency with electric, geothermal and wind resources There are many fabrication, ground operation & flight emissions associated with airline industry

6 Green Aircraft Design 1 Stability/Control & Aerodynamics: –Highly efficient & robust systems –Blended-Wing-Body, very high AR wings, formation flight Structures: –Reduced aircraft weight, –Reduced byproducts and energy for fabrication Propulsion: –Alternative Fuels: biomass, hydrogen, coal? –Efficient (low SFC) Engines: variable designs, prop-fans

7 Green Aircraft Design 2 Configurations: –Reduced weight, volume and surface area concepts Emissions: –Reduced landing and take-off noise –Reduced chemical emissions (sulpheric acid, CO, NO x, etc. ) –Reduced particulate emissions (regulated & unregulated) Performance –reduced average mission/fleet carbon output (“skyprint”)