Chapter 34 America: A Narrative History 7 th edition Norton Media Library by George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi

I.Kennedy’s New Frontier A. Election of Nixon as politician 2. Kennedy’s background 3. The campaign a. Neutralization of religion b. Televised debates 4. Results B. Kennedy’s administration 1. Caliber of appointments 2. Kennedy’s style

I.Kennedy’s New Frontier (cont’d) C. Domestic record 1. Congressional conservatism 2. The tax-cut proposal 3. Legislative successes a. Foreign aid b. Peace Corps c. Trade expansion d. Housing assistance e. Increased minimum wage f. Area development g. Space race D. The Warren Court 1. School prayer 2. Criminal justice

I.Kennedy’s New Frontier (cont’d) E. Growing movement for civil rights 1. Kennedy’s position 2. Sit-ins a. Mass movement b. Student participants c. Formation of SNCC 3. Freedom rides 4. Federal intervention a. Integration of “Ole Miss” b. Birmingham demonstrations i. “Letter from Birmingham Jail” ii. King’s shift in strategy c. JFK’s changing position d. Confrontation with George Wallace 5. March on Washington

I.Kennedy’s New Frontier (cont’d) F. Foreign frontiers 1. Bay of Pigs a. Invasion b. “Colossal mistake” 2. Vienna Summit 3. Berlin Wall 4. Cuban Missile Crisis a. The crisis b. Kennedy’s action c. Resolution of the crisis d. Aftereffects i. Lowered tension ii. Sale of wheat iii. Washington-Moscow hotline iv. Removal of obsolete missiles v. Nuclear test ban treaty

I.Kennedy’s New Frontier (cont’d) F. Foreign frontiers (cont’d) 5. Neutrality for Laos 6. Vietnam a. Diem’s failure to reform or gain popular support b. Kennedy’s reluctance to escalate c. Heightened opposition to Diem d. Overthrow of Diem G. The Kennedy assassination

II.Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society A. Johnson’s background and style 1. Paradoxical personality 2. Political experience 3. Congressional leadership 4. “Johnson treatment” B. Early legislative achievements 1. Revenue Act of Civil Rights Act of The War on Poverty a. Impact of The Other America b. Economic Opportunity Act

II.Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society (cont’d) C. The election of Republicans seek a “choice” 2. Goldwater’s positions 3. Johnson’s appeal to consensus 4. The Johnson landslide D. Landmark legislation 1. Health insurance 2. Aid to education 3. Appalachian redevelopment 4. Housing and urban development 5. Immigration Act of 1965

II.Lyndon Johnson and the Great Society (cont’d) E. Civil rights movement 1. Civil Rights Act of Voting rights a. Selma march b. LBJ’s support c. Voting Rights Act of 1965 F. The development of black power 1. The riots of 1965 and Assessment of the urban black condition 3. The focus on black power a. Stokely Carmichael b. The Black Panthers c. Malcolm X d. Assessment of black power

III.The tragedy of Vietnam A. U.S. involvement 1. General policies 2. Costs of war B. The Tonkin Gulf Resolution 1. Basis for the request 2. Provisions of the resolution C. Escalation in Attack on Pleiku 2. Operation Rolling Thunder 3. Combat troops

III.The tragedy of Vietnam (cont’d) D. The context for policy 1. Consistency with earlier foreign policy goals 2. Warnings from advisers 3. The goal of United States involvement 4. The erosion of support E. The turning point of the war 1. The Tet Offensive 2. The presidential primaries 3. Johnson’s decision to move out

IV. The crescendo of the sixties A. The tragedies of Martin Luther King Jr. 2. Robert Kennedy B. Convergence on the election of Chicago demonstrations 2. The contrast of Miami 3. The Wallace campaign 4. The results