PowerPoint to accompany Law & Ethics For Medical Careers Fourth Edition Judson · Harrison · Hicks Chapter 10—The Beginning of Life and Childhood Copyright.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
What does it mean to be infertile?
Advertisements

Reproductive Technologies James G. Anderson, Ph.D. Purdue University.
Human Intervention in Evolution
Medical Ethics AH Embryo Research.
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES SBI 3C. WHAT CAN WE DO???
Medical Ethics By Amar and James.
DNA TECHNOLOGY: Part 1 Cloning & Stem Cell Research Nova video.
Genetic Engineering. Tools for Manipulating & Studying DNA  Restriction enzymes  Used to cut DNA where needed  PCR  Used to make multiple copies of.
Human Embryo Research James G. Anderson, Ph. D Purdue University.
Ethical issues in nursing practice Professional commitment is shown through A desire to help, A sense of obligation, A sense of obligation, Efforts to.
1. Explain the difference between AID and AIH 4 KU 2. ‘Using another man’s sperm apart from your husband’s is adulterous’. How far do you agree or disagree.
NOTES - In Vitro Fertilization & Genetic Screening.
Meet The Parents. Jack and Jill went up a hill…. Jack and Jill got married.
1. Get out your packet labeled Baby Care Items. 2. Use netbooks to look up the cost for the two items listed on your desk, and list them in the Extras.
Infertility Grand Challenge Seminar Fall, What is infertility? Infertility is the term health care providers use for women of normal childbearing.
Religion and Fertility Treatment. The choice to have children People can now enjoy a full sex life without necessarily becoming pregnant. Couples can.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint® Lectures Lectures by Chris Romero, Front Range Community College Pandora’s.
CLONING 101. cloning is the creation of an organism that is the EXACT genetic copy of another –Identical twins are natural clones Cloning can be done.
 Stem Cells. Understandings  Specialized tissues can develop by cell differentiation in multicellular organisms.  Differentiation involves the expression.
Biotechnology & Genethics. What can we do with Biotechnology? Genetic Screening & testing In vitro fertilization Gene therapy & new treatments Cloning.
4.4: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Cloning: producing identical copies of genes, cells or organisms. Clone: a group of genetically identical organisms.
Human Genome Project, Gene Therapy & Cloning. Human Genome Project –Genomics – the study of complete sets of genes –Begun in 1990, the Human Genome Project.
AMA 103 Ethical Concepts. Human Genome Project Completed in 2003 Numbers of encoded genes unknown International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium established.
NOTES – Embryonic Stem Cells and Cloning. What are stem cells? Embryonic Stem Cells – cells present in the early stages of an embryo’s development that.
Ethics of Biotechnology. CLONING What is CLONING? Creating new and identical organisms using biotechnology.
LEQ: WHAT IS CLONING AND HOW IS IT DONE? to
Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) Biological Science
A Closer Look at Conception Chapter 5 Section 2. The Genetic Package Chromosomes- tiny threadlike particles in the nucleus of every cell. Come in 23 pairs.
 Taking an organ from one organism and placing it in another to function Pros -Can save lives -Living individuals can donate organs Cons -Worry of doctors.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies Chapter 6.3. Assisted Reproductive Technologies Many couples can be infertile due to complications related to the reproductive.
Discussed most of this in Chapter 3  First step choosing a mature and financially stable partner.  Children born by choice, rather than by chance, have.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies Science 9 Ms. Nagra.
© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 3 Preparing for Parenting.
A Closer Look at Conception Introduction: The Genetic Package  Each of us inherits many personal characteristics from our parents.  EX: physical build,
Unit 7.
4.3-Reproductive Strategies & Technologies
GENETICS AND DNA HEREDITY. CELL Cells are the building blocks of human body. Different cells have many different functions. They all contain the same.
Medical Technology Keyword Revision. Match the keyword to the definition IVF A scientific method of making a woman pregnant, which does not involve sex.
IVF A scientific method of making a woman pregnant, which does not involve sex. Conception occurs via sperm and egg being placed into a test tube. Embryo.
UK Law ; The surrogate can be paid expenses, but must receive no fee. Keywords; Morality, ethics, absolute morality, relative morality, sanctity of life,
BC Science 9: p Infertility  Infertility is the inability of a couple to have a baby.  Approximately three in twenty couples are infertile.
Vocab Heredity & Infertility Parenting Teens T/F Types.
3 RD BLOCK WARM-UP 1. Have out your homework (Graphic Organizer). 2. After I check it, go check your answers at the SSS. 3. Open your Biology Handbook.
Matters of Life. Key terms Artificial insemination – Sperm medically inserted into the vagina to assist pregnancy Artificial insemination by donor (A.I.D)-
 In vitro fertilization  Cloning (genes, cells or organisms)  Recombinant DNA  Therapeutic cloning  Reproductive cloning  Stem cell  Transgenic.
Child Support Directors Association of California in partnership with California Department of Child Support Services Annual Child Support Training Conference.
 What if you could screen embryos for diseases before they became babies?  What if you could choose the traits your baby would have?  Would you use.
Prenatal & Infertility Procedures. Can you think of some ways we can learn about a developing fetus before it is born?
Parents and Children Responsibilities Between Parents and Children There are many jobs, duties, and responsibilities parents must fulfill when they have.
© 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Ch 11 The Beginning of Life and Childhood.
Advances in Fertilization
Matters of life Religion, morality & life; Fertility treatment;
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Religious attitudes to matters of life
Stater for 5! Which quote can be used to show Christians they should not consume drugs or alcohol? What is considered to be an alternative to euthanasia?
A scientific method of making a woman pregnant, which does not involve sex. Conception occurs via sperm and egg being placed into a test tube.
Assisted reproduction and obstetrics
The Developing Child I Chapter 5 Study Guide.
Ethics in Biotechnology
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY
Human Intervention in Evolution
NOTES 25 - In Vitro Fertilization & Genetic Screening
CREATING LIFE….
Development Review What are the stages of development? (Did you come up with a good mnemonic?!) Gametes, zygote, 2-cell stage, 4-cell stage, 8-cell stage,
A Closer Look at Conception
6.3 Assisted Reproductive Technologies
NOTES 27 – Embryonic Stem Cells and Cloning
Presentation transcript:

PowerPoint to accompany Law & Ethics For Medical Careers Fourth Edition Judson · Harrison · Hicks Chapter 10—The Beginning of Life and Childhood Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display

The Beginning of Life and Childhood Objectives Define genetics and heredity Distinguish between DNA, chromosomes and genes List several situations in which genetic testing might be appropriate Discuss genetic discrimination

The Beginning of Life and Childhood Objectives continued Define cloning and explain why it is a controversial issue Discuss some of the pros and cons of genetic engineering Explain why stem cells are useful for scientific research Distinguish between mature and emancipated minors and discuss those situations where such minors might legally make their own health care decisions

Influence of Technology on the Beginning of Life Genetics The study of heredity Human Genome Project Project to identify and map the human genomes Completed in 2000, available to all physicians and scientists who could use it

Genetic Testing DNA testing has become a reliable source of testing for Forensics Determining parenthood/tracing lineage Screening for inherited diseases or conditions How test results are used has become an important ethical and legal issue

Genetic Testing and Discrimination Genetic discrimination Differential treatment of individuals based on their actual or presumed genetic differences Examples of where potential genetic discrimination may exist -employment -life insurance -health insurance benefits

Genetic Testing and Discrimination continued Most states prohibit genetic discrimination based on genetic testing for purchase of health insurance HIPAA prohibits discrimination as part of the portability of group health insurance ADA offers some protection Under Executive Order, genetic testing for employment is prohibited

Genetic Engineering Manipulation of DNA within the cells of plants and animals to ensure that certain traits will appear and be passed on A clone is an organism from a single cell of a parent and is genetically identical to the parent Useful in medicine and potential for transplantation-but ethical issues create controversy

Human Stem Cell Research An early stage stem cell (blastocyst) has the ability to become any type of tissue May be used in therapeutic research to develop treatments for many diseases The use of stem cells in reproductive research is considered by most as unethical

Human Stem Cell Research Controversy Blastocysts are removed from the frozen products of in vitro fertilization Blastocysts are removed from those products that would eventually be destroyed Those who argue that an embryo is life argue that the embryo is entitled to legal protection, thus the controversy

Gene Therapy Gene therapy may involve Replacing a deficiency or blocking an overactive pathway Inserting a normal copy of gene into a patient with a specific genetic disease Current research into turning “off” a gene to avoid a disease

Conception and the Beginning of Life Infertility Options In vitro fertilization (IVF) Egg and sperm develop into an embryo in a test tube or petri dish Artificial insemination Injection of viable semen into the vagina Homologous-use of husband’s sperm Heterologous-use of donor sperm

Conception and the Beginning of Life Infertility options continued Surrogacy Use of surrogate—a woman who agrees to carry a child to term Used when mother is unable to carry embryo to term Gestational surrogacy—when surrogate is not related to embryo Traditional surrogacy—when surrogate is related to embryo

Conception and the Beginning of Life Adoption Both State and Federal laws regulate adoption Agency adoptions State-licensed, public or private, agency that places children with adoptive parents Private adoptions No agency involvement; some states prohibit

Rights of Children Common law Parents have the right to make health care decisions for minor children Doctrine of parens patriae State may act as parental authority for the child’s “best interest” Allows the state to remove abused or neglected children from parents

Rights of Children-Newborns Under the 1974 Child Abuse Protection and Treatment Act (with subsequent Child Abuse Amendments) physicians may legally withhold treatment from infants who are chronically and irreversibly comatose will most certainly die and to treat would be futile would suffer inhumanely if treatment was provided

Rights of Children-Abandoned Infants Safe haven laws in many states allow abandonment of an infant at a fire or police station or a hospital Laws vary as to prosecution, age of infant, whether medical history is necessary Safe haven law controversial; may be seen as condoning abandonment

Rights of Children — Minors Mature minors Considered mature enough to understand a physician’s recommendation and give informed consent Emancipated Minors Legally live outside parent or guardian control Court may declare minors emancipated if they are self supporting, married or serving in the armed forces

Ethics Guide Discussion Your best friend comes to you with a problem. She was adopted at birth and due to strict privacy laws when she was adopted, knows little about her birth parents—only that she was born to a Jewish mother from Germany. She is very worried about breast cancer and learns that German Jews with a mutated BRAC1 gene have a very high incidence of breast and other cancers. What advice will you give her?