Implementation Plan of Climate Observing System in China (GCOS-China) Renhe Zhang Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences

Outline ★ Climate related Observing Systems in China ★ Principles in designing GCOS-China ★ Implementation plan for GCOS- China

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration (CFA) Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration (CEPA) Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration (SOA) Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Multi-Observing Systems in China

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-Observing Systems in China

GAW and Acid Rain Network of CMA Acid rain stations Regional GAW stations Global GAW station

Radiation Observation Stations (98 stations)

Basic Stations (577 stations)

Dopler Radar (97 stations)

Reference Stations

Basic Stations

Upper Air Sounding Stations

About 1606 AWSs have been installed by the end of April, 2004

The sand/dust-storm monitoring network (stage I ) with the solar spectrometers and deposit gauges

China agri-meteorological observational stations (584 stations) 216 observational stations, observed from 1980

Sunphotometer station distribution of dust storm observational network

The Space Based Global Observing System, 2000 A Combination of Geostationary and Polar Orbiting Satellites

FY-1 Series FY-1C was launched on May 10, FY-1D was launched on May 15, With the direct broadcasting function and the satellite data can be used worldwide

FY-1C/1D Operation West Coast of USA

Composite Imagery of Antarctic Region by FY-1C GDPT Channel 1,2,3.

Global Multi-Orbit Mosaic Image

FY-2 Series FY-2 series consist of 5 satellites. FY-2A & FY-2B were launched in 1997 and 2000 respectively, with a 3-channel radiometer onboard. FY-2C and FY-2D were launched in 2003 and 2006, respectively. FY-2E will be launched in FY-2C/D/E have a 5-channel radiometers onboard.

FY-2B Met. Sat. Positioned in 105E

Establishment of the Radiometric Calibration Site for Satellite Sensors in China (Land and Water Body)

EOS/MODIS receiving and processing system Installed in Lanzhou & Urumuqi

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-Observing Systems in China

China Forest Ecosystem Stations Established Forest Station of Forest Ministry Established Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences Draft Forest Station

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-Observing Systems in China

China Hydrological Compartments LEGEND Demarcation line of primary regions Demarcation line of second regions

Type of stationsNumber of stationsRemarks Hydrological Stations 3130 Observing water level,rainfall amount,water quality etc. Water level stations 1073 Observing water level(including tidewater level) Rainfall stations14454Observing rainfall amount Water quality stations 3228Observing water pollution etc. Groundwater observing well 11620Observing groundwater level Evaporation stations 565 Observing evaporation in terms of E-601 evaporation pan Experiment stations 74Field observing for special aims Structure of Hydrological stations network in 2002

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-Observing Systems in China

Year Number of Cities Major Cities of Atmosphere Quality Automatic Monitoring System YearDaily ReportForecast Number of Cities Have Issued Atmosphere Quality Daily Report and Forecast State Environment Protection Administration of China

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-Observing Systems in China

LEGEND Marine observation station central marine station Marine observation stations along China seacoast

Observing System Operated by China Meteorological Administration Observing System Operated by China Forestry Administration Observing System Operated by China Ministry of Water Resources Observing System Operated by China Environmental Protection Administration Observing System Operated by China State Oceanic Administration Observing System Operated by Chinese Academy of Sciences Multi-Observing Systems in China

Composite center Soil sub-center Moisture sub-center Atmosphere sub-center Biology sub-center Water sub-center China Ecological Network Stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Outline ★ Climate related Observing Systems in China ★ Principles in designing GCOS-China ★ Implementation plan for GCOS- China

Coordinated by the Committee for GCOS China National Committee for Developing and Planning (NCDP) Ministry of Science and technology (MOST) Ministry of Education (MOE) Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) Ministry of Finance (MOF) Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) China Meteorological Administration (CMA) State Oceanic Administration (SOA) China Environmental Protection Administration (CEPA) China Forestry Administration (CFA) China Civil Aviation Administration (CAAC) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)

 To utilize and integrate the existing observing systems in China, improving the observations of the multi-sphere in the climate system and their interactions.  To cooperate among multi-department, building a climate observing system according to the same standard, instrument, precision, observing time, etc.  To built a platform for data exchange and share of data.  To choose regions of different underlying surface, monitoring the interaction among multi-sphere and satisfying the development of climate model.

Outline ★ Climate related Observing Systems in China ★ Principles in designing GCOS-China ★ Implementation plan for GCOS- China

Tibetan Plateau Glacier, hydrology Desert Baseline ecology Diversity ecology Basin Economic area Forest ecology, Plain agro-ecology grassland economic area Lake water system Agro-ecology coastal ocean area Feature for Each Area

CMA Climate Observatory (249stns) CEPA Regional Environment Observatory (340stns,113reblt) MWR Regional Hydrology Observatory (143stns, increasing 77stns) SO A Regional Oceanic Observatory (21stns) CFA Regional Ecology Observatory ( 37stns) Total China GCOS Stations Regional ecology Observatory ( 25stns) CAS