Earth’s Energy Budget Ch.13

3 ways heat can be transferred: Conduction Conduction Convection Convection Radiation Radiation

Conduction Conduction: heat transfer in which highly energized (hot) particles collide with less energized (cold) particles, giving them energy (making them warm). Conduction: heat transfer in which highly energized (hot) particles collide with less energized (cold) particles, giving them energy (making them warm).

Convection: heat transfer where highly energized particles move from one place to another, carrying the heat with it. Convection: heat transfer where highly energized particles move from one place to another, carrying the heat with it. Think: currents, hot water rises, cold water sinks! Think: currents, hot water rises, cold water sinks! Convection

Radiation: heat transfer where particles emit electromagnetic waves. This energy is changed into heat when it interacts with something, like skin! Radiation: heat transfer where particles emit electromagnetic waves. This energy is changed into heat when it interacts with something, like skin! Radiation

Solar Radiation Energy from the sun is in the form of radiation Energy from the sun is in the form of radiation The sun emits radiation at a narrow range of wavelengths, including the visible light spectrum The sun emits radiation at a narrow range of wavelengths, including the visible light spectrum  Name one other wavelength the sun emits? Hint: it burns you!

Did you know? Solar energy (sunlight) arrives almost instantly to Earth (because space contains little matter to slow it down) Solar energy (sunlight) arrives almost instantly to Earth (because space contains little matter to slow it down) Solar constant=1367J/m 2 s Solar constant=1367J/m 2 s Rays assumed to travel straight down

What happens to solar radiation? Two interactions: Two interactions: 1. Absorbed by air (16%), clouds (4%) and Earth (50%) for a total of 70% 2. Reflected back into space by air (6%), clouds (20%) and ground (4%) for a total of 30%