Everything you didn’t want to know but need to pass the test mrshipleysclassroom.wikispaces.com

 Three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe  Four resources: Oil, copper, salt and phosphate  Home to Arabs, Jews, Christians, Palestinians and various combinations of those groups.  Arab: Anyone whose native language is Arabic.

) EGYPT 2) YEMEN 3) IRAN 4) IRAQ 5) ISRAEL

 First civilization in the Middle East  Located in the Fertile Crescent  Settled there because of water supply, lots of food and good soil for growing crops.  Believed the gods were the cause of all disasters and good fortune.

 Developed the alphabet which has become the one used today.  Spread their culture without a centralized empire through small city-states and trade.

 Israel was created in 1948 by the United Nations.  Immediately attacked by Arab neighbors  Its creation led to several wars that allowed it to expand and gain more land.  Creation of Israel destroyed Palestine, displaced Palestinians.  Palestinians control Gaza Strip and West Bank

 Ruler of Iraq who was involved in the Persian Gulf war, the Iran/Iraq war and the Iraq war.  Leader of the Baath Party who used terror and violence to solve problems, even against his own people.  Came to power through the military.  Tried and hanged because of Massacre at Dujail, when he killed 148 people.

 Followers are called Muslims.  Mosques are holy worship sites for Muslims.  Five Pillars:  Prayer  Fasting  Charity  Pilgrimage  Declaration

 Millets- Non-Muslim areas controlled by the Ottoman Empire that were ruled by their own religious leaders but owed tribute to the sultan.  Dardanelles – Straits that provided access to Ottoman Empire from Europe, were critical in both the Siege of Constantinople and World War I.  Janissaries – Elite guard of the Ottoman Empire, first to wear uniforms. Formed under Mehmed II  Chose to expand west because it was Christian, not Muslim controlled.

 Mehmed II- Ottoman Ruler who successfully took Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire in 1453  Ottomans (Muslim) vs. Byzantine Empire (Christian)  Importance: When the city fell and the Christians fled to Europe it brought the ideas of the Middle East to Europe and caused the Renaissance.

 Cannons – Orban designed huge cannon to destroy the walls, largely ineffective.  Boom – Large chain strung across the Golden Horn to prevent Mehmed’s ships from surrounding the city.  Tunnels – Ottomans dug but Byzantines caught and put mines on the ground to prevent.  Kerkoporta- Gate left open by Byzantine troops that allowed Ottomans to get into the city.

 Ottoman empire in decline  Eastern question  Ottomans support Germany and Austria/Hungary  France and Britain attempt to take Istanbul through Dardanelles, Mustafa Kemal defends.

 Mustafa Kemal, renamed Father of the Turks.  Lead Turkish Youth Day revolution on May 19,  Created modern Turkey and moved capital from Istanbul (originally Constantinople) to Ankara.

 Gave women the right to vote, own property  Implemented surnames  Removed Religious law from constitution  Removed requirement that women wear headgear  Created Public education system.

 Christianity, Judaism and Islam  What do they have in common?  Believe in Father figure of Abraham  Believe in existence of Jesus Christ  Believe in prayer, good works and holy book  None condone adultery  Have a holy site in Jerusalem

 Judaism:  The Torah  Christianity:  The Bible (Old Testament is the Torah.)  Islam:  The Qu’ran

 Islam:  Dome of the Rock: Where Muhammad ascended to Heaven  Judaism:  Western Wall: Last wall of the temple of Herod, believed to be where God resides on Earth.  Christianity:  Church of the Holy Sepulchre – Believed to be where Jesus was crucified, buried and resurrected

 Building good roads  Encouraging peace in the empire  Developing universal system of coinage

Taj Mahal Great Wall of China

Petra Chichen Itza

Christ the RedeemerMachu Picchu