Ch. 7.2: Challenges of Urbanization 2 factors of Urban growth: Immigration Farm foreclosures Reasons: jobs Competition increased; tension ^ housing Row houses, tenements Americanization: Learning English & History Ethnic communities hold onto culture
Urban Problems Crime Fires Transportation mass transit Subways, streetcars Water Piped Filtration 1870s Chlorination 1908 Sanitation Sewage 1900 sewer lines Garbage Sanitation departments horses Crime 1st Police- NY 1844 Fires Wood dwellings No water Candles & kerosene heaters Firefighters volunteer 1900 1st fire departments
Settlement Houses Social Gospel Movement Established by reformers Salvation through service to the poor Established by reformers Community centers in slums Aided immigrants Education, social services Jane Addams- Hull House 400 by 1910