Illegal performance enhancement- drugs in sport.

How substances come to be prohibited For a substance or method to be prohibited, it must meet two of the following three conditions: 1. The substance or method has the potential to enhance, or does enhance performance in sport. 2. The substance or method has the potential to risk the athlete’s health. 3. The substance or method is deemed to violate the spirit of sport. How substances come to be prohibited For a substance or method to be prohibited, it must meet two of the following three conditions: 1. The substance or method has the potential to enhance, or does enhance performance in sport. 2. The substance or method has the potential to risk the athlete’s health. 3. The substance or method is deemed to violate the spirit of sport. true&TB_iframe=true&height=400&width=600 ASADA – Education click here to view the introduction of ASADA’s dvd: Pure Performance in Sport

is=true&TB_iframe=true&height=400&width=600 A.S.A.D.A- WHO ARE THEY? Click onto this link, watch the chapter and answer the following questions: A.S.A.D.A- WHO ARE THEY? Click onto this link, watch the chapter and answer the following questions: 1.When and Why was W.A.D.A established? 2.When was the World Anti-Doping Code introduced? 3.What is the purpose of the Code? 4.What does ASADA stand for? What is their role?

PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND METHODS. CLICK ON THE LINK AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. ml?KeepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&height=400&width=600 PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND METHODS. CLICK ON THE LINK AND ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. ml?KeepThis=true&TB_iframe=true&height=400&width=600 1.List the substances which are prohibited at all times. 2.What are the substances which are prohibited in competition only? 3.What methods are prohibited at all times? 4.Choose two of these substances and one method and investigate it further: a.How is it believed to enhance performance? b.How is it used? c.What are the side effects of use? 5. Why is there a risk with using supplements?

THE DRUG CHEATS: Sports competitions are supposed to be acted out on a fair, level playing field. Some athletes naturally perform better than others, due to increased skill or natural talent. Others, however, skew their chances of superhuman performance by taking performance-altering substances. Anabolic steroids, amphetamines, and other illegal substances are often ingested by athletes prior to competition in order to increase their likelihood of coming out on top. Sporting organizations often sanction these athletes, even removing their accolades. A select few will get away with it, saying they took something illegal inadvertently or without their knowledge. The following are some of the sporting world's most famous drug cheats.

Amphetamines, Anabolic Steroids Former Pittsburgh Pirates and San Francisco Giants baseball player Barry Bonds has admitted to using something he thought was a supplement, saying he did not know he was ingesting performance- enhancing drugs at the time. Although he was not sanctioned by Major League Baseball due to a collective bargaining agreement, he was investigated by a federal grand jury and indicted on perjury and obstruction of justice charges in connection with the Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative (BALCO) case, saying he lied under oath about using steroids. Bonds set the all-time Major League record for home runs, at 762, and also for home runs in a single season, at 73.

Jose Canseco Anabolic Steroids Although he did not admit it during his Major League Baseball career, former player Jose Canseco confessed using performance- enhancing substances, in a book released after his career entitled Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits & How Baseball Got Big. While admitting to his own use of anabolic steroids, Canseco also said 85% of all baseball players were using some type of performance-enhancing drug, specifically fingering former teammates, saying he injected them himself. Although most of these players denied their use, McGwire and Giambi eventually admitted it. Canseco was not sanctioned by MLB since his admission came after his career had ended. Jose Canseco Anabolic Steroids Although he did not admit it during his Major League Baseball career, former player Jose Canseco confessed using performance- enhancing substances, in a book released after his career entitled Juiced: Wild Times, Rampant 'Roids, Smash Hits & How Baseball Got Big. While admitting to his own use of anabolic steroids, Canseco also said 85% of all baseball players were using some type of performance-enhancing drug, specifically fingering former teammates, saying he injected them himself. Although most of these players denied their use, McGwire and Giambi eventually admitted it. Canseco was not sanctioned by MLB since his admission came after his career had ended.

Mark McGwire Anabolic Steroids Major League Baseball great Mark McGwire admitted to using androstendione, a legal muscle enhancer, in 1998, the year he hit 70 home runs to break the record at that time. Although he initially denied using steroids or performance- enhancing substances, in 2010 he confessed to using them all through his career. As this admission came after his career was over, he was not sanctioned by MLB. However, many of his baseball accomplishments were scrutinized and he lost a bit of his popular appeal. McGwire has said that he took steroids not to improve his performance, but rather to maintain his health during his major league career. Mark McGwire Anabolic Steroids Major League Baseball great Mark McGwire admitted to using androstendione, a legal muscle enhancer, in 1998, the year he hit 70 home runs to break the record at that time. Although he initially denied using steroids or performance- enhancing substances, in 2010 he confessed to using them all through his career. As this admission came after his career was over, he was not sanctioned by MLB. However, many of his baseball accomplishments were scrutinized and he lost a bit of his popular appeal. McGwire has said that he took steroids not to improve his performance, but rather to maintain his health during his major league career.

4. Shane Mosley Anabolic Steroids Boxer Shane Mosley, winner of world titles in three weight divisions and the current WBA Welterweight Super Champion, admitted to injecting himself with performance-enhancing drugs such as EPO (erythropoietin) and THG (Tetrahydrogestrinone ) prior to fights. He was another client of the BALCO labs and was caught up in the grand jury investigation. Mosley claims he thought the drugs were legal supplements at the time. He has not been sanctioned by the WBA and continues to fight 4. Shane Mosley Anabolic Steroids Boxer Shane Mosley, winner of world titles in three weight divisions and the current WBA Welterweight Super Champion, admitted to injecting himself with performance-enhancing drugs such as EPO (erythropoietin) and THG (Tetrahydrogestrinone ) prior to fights. He was another client of the BALCO labs and was caught up in the grand jury investigation. Mosley claims he thought the drugs were legal supplements at the time. He has not been sanctioned by the WBA and continues to fight

Marion Jones Anabolic Steroids Former Olympian track and field medal winner Marion Jones was forced to forfeit all medals and prizes won dating back to 2000 after admitting to using performance-enhancing drugs. She publicly admitted using steroids in 2007, and confessed that she lied to the grand jury in the BALCO case. Jones was suspended for two years from track and field competition, and announced her retirement in October She was sentenced to six months in jail for lying to the grand jury. Marion Jones Anabolic Steroids Former Olympian track and field medal winner Marion Jones was forced to forfeit all medals and prizes won dating back to 2000 after admitting to using performance-enhancing drugs. She publicly admitted using steroids in 2007, and confessed that she lied to the grand jury in the BALCO case. Jones was suspended for two years from track and field competition, and announced her retirement in October She was sentenced to six months in jail for lying to the grand jury.

Carl Lewis Stimulants Another Olympic medal winner who encountered problems with drug use is track and field star Carl Lewis. The winner of 10 Olympic medals (nine of them gold), it was revealed in 2003 that Lewis had tested positive three times prior to the 1988 Olympics, for the banned stimulants pseudoephedrine, ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine. Since all three are found in cold medication, Lewis claimed to have used them inadvertently, and the United States Olympic Committee accepted this explanation, clearing him for competition. Lewis was never publicly sanctioned for this supposed � inadvertent � use. Carl Lewis Stimulants Another Olympic medal winner who encountered problems with drug use is track and field star Carl Lewis. The winner of 10 Olympic medals (nine of them gold), it was revealed in 2003 that Lewis had tested positive three times prior to the 1988 Olympics, for the banned stimulants pseudoephedrine, ephedrine and phenylpropanolamine. Since all three are found in cold medication, Lewis claimed to have used them inadvertently, and the United States Olympic Committee accepted this explanation, clearing him for competition. Lewis was never publicly sanctioned for this supposed � inadvertent � use.

Andre Agassi Methamphetamine Tennis great Andre Agassi tested positive for methamphetamine in 1997, but at the time, claimed he took the drug accidentally (from a soda spiked with crystal meth) and therefore avoided sanctioning by the ATP. The former World Number 1 professional tennis player and winner of eight grand-slam tournaments had dropped to No. 141 in the world at the time he took crystal meth, and the following year, rose into the Top 10, making the biggest one-year jump in the history of ATP rankings. Coincidence? You be the judge. Andre Agassi Methamphetamine Tennis great Andre Agassi tested positive for methamphetamine in 1997, but at the time, claimed he took the drug accidentally (from a soda spiked with crystal meth) and therefore avoided sanctioning by the ATP. The former World Number 1 professional tennis player and winner of eight grand-slam tournaments had dropped to No. 141 in the world at the time he took crystal meth, and the following year, rose into the Top 10, making the biggest one-year jump in the history of ATP rankings. Coincidence? You be the judge.

Floyd Landis Synthetic Testosterone Floyd Landis was a small-town boy from Farmersville, PA who went on to win the 2006 Tour de France. Unfortunately, he was stripped of his title after tests showed his ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone was too great, indicating the usage of illegal performance- enhancing substances. Landis has vigorously denied taking anything illegal, but still lost his title and was banned from cycling for three years. He is now professionally cycling again. Floyd Landis Synthetic Testosterone Floyd Landis was a small-town boy from Farmersville, PA who went on to win the 2006 Tour de France. Unfortunately, he was stripped of his title after tests showed his ratio of testosterone to epitestosterone was too great, indicating the usage of illegal performance- enhancing substances. Landis has vigorously denied taking anything illegal, but still lost his title and was banned from cycling for three years. He is now professionally cycling again.

Tim Montgomery (United States, Athletics) Montgomery's case is regarded as a landmark in the fight against doping as it introduced the non-analytical positive. Once the world's fastest man, Montgomery never returned a positive test for a banned substance but admitted under oath to a U.S. Federal grand jury investigating BALCO (Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative) that he had used steroids and human growth hormone. Montgomery, who helped the United States to win gold in the 4x100 metres relay at the Sydney Olympics, was stripped of his medal and his 100 metres world record of 9.78 seconds set in 2002 in Paris was wiped from the record books based on the evidence given during his testimony. He was barred from competition in 2005 and retired the following year. Montgomery, who has a son with disgraced sprint queen Marion Jones, was later sentenced to 46 months in prison for cheque fraud and money laundering and last October had five years added to his sentence after being convicted of possessing heroin with the intent to distribute it. Tim Montgomery (United States, Athletics) Montgomery's case is regarded as a landmark in the fight against doping as it introduced the non-analytical positive. Once the world's fastest man, Montgomery never returned a positive test for a banned substance but admitted under oath to a U.S. Federal grand jury investigating BALCO (Bay Area Laboratory Cooperative) that he had used steroids and human growth hormone. Montgomery, who helped the United States to win gold in the 4x100 metres relay at the Sydney Olympics, was stripped of his medal and his 100 metres world record of 9.78 seconds set in 2002 in Paris was wiped from the record books based on the evidence given during his testimony. He was barred from competition in 2005 and retired the following year. Montgomery, who has a son with disgraced sprint queen Marion Jones, was later sentenced to 46 months in prison for cheque fraud and money laundering and last October had five years added to his sentence after being convicted of possessing heroin with the intent to distribute it.

Shane Warne (Cricket, Australia) Widely regarded as the greatest leg spin bowler of all-time, Warne's career was interrupted by a one-year suspension from the Australian Cricket Board in 2003 after testing positive for a banned diuretic that could be used to mask other prohibited substances. Warne admitted using the banned substance but said it was given to him by his mother so he would not look overweight on television. Shane Warne (Cricket, Australia) Widely regarded as the greatest leg spin bowler of all-time, Warne's career was interrupted by a one-year suspension from the Australian Cricket Board in 2003 after testing positive for a banned diuretic that could be used to mask other prohibited substances. Warne admitted using the banned substance but said it was given to him by his mother so he would not look overweight on television.

Martina Hingis (Tennis, Switzerland.) Hingis's return to competitive tennis was cut short in 2007 when the five- time Grand Slam winner announced she had tested positive for cocaine following her third-round match at Wimbledon. The former world number one denied ever using cocaine but immediately retired for a second time saying she had "no desire to spend the next several years of my life reduced to fighting against the doping officials". Martina Hingis (Tennis, Switzerland.) Hingis's return to competitive tennis was cut short in 2007 when the five- time Grand Slam winner announced she had tested positive for cocaine following her third-round match at Wimbledon. The former world number one denied ever using cocaine but immediately retired for a second time saying she had "no desire to spend the next several years of my life reduced to fighting against the doping officials".

So how do athletes get tested? Click the link and watch the following chapter: s/video_chapter_6.html?KeepThis=true&TB_ifr ame=true&height=400&width=600 So how do athletes get tested? Click the link and watch the following chapter: s/video_chapter_6.html?KeepThis=true&TB_ifr ame=true&height=400&width= List the different stages of the sample collection procedure.