Map Link: Great Saljuq Empire on the Eve of the Crusades: <https://cmes.uchicago.edu/sites/cmes.uchicago.edu/files/ uploads/Maps/Map%20-%20Salljuqs%20%26%20 Eve%20of%20Crusades.pdf>

Timeline 27th November 1095 Pope Urban II (p. 1088-99) preaches the First Crusade at Clermont. Sep/Oct 1096 Peasants’ Crusade annihilated by Saljuqs of Rum. End 1097 “Official” crusading armies reach Constantinople, make agreement with Byzantine emperor, and are shipped across Bosphorus.

Timeline 1097-1109 Crusaders defeat Saljuqs of Rum and Danishmendids, take over much of coast. Crusaders set up states at Antioch, Edessa, Tripoli and Jerusalem. 1105 Kitab al-Jihad (Book of the Jihad) dictated in public by ‘Ali ibn Tahir al-Sulami (1039-1106).

Map Link: The Crusader States: <http://www.shadowedrealm.com/lib/images/ medieval/maps/map012.jpg>

Timeline 1119 Ilghazi of Mardin defeats count of Antioch at Battle of Balat, a.k.a. Ager Sanguinis (Field of Blood). 1127 ‘Imad al-Din Zangi (r. 1127-46) appointed atabeg (military regent) of Mosul. In following years usurps power, takes Aleppo and expands holdings elsewhere but fails to take Damascus. Also directs attacks against crusader states.

Timeline 1144 Zangi takes Edessa. 1146 Zangi murdered by slave. 1146-49 Reign of Sayf al-Din (at Mosul). 1146-74 Reign of Nur al-Din.

Map Link: Zangi’s Territories: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/ Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg/2000px- Possession_of_Zengi_%281146%29.svg.png>

Word List Timeline madrasa (religious college) Sufi (Muslim mystic) 1148 Nur al-Din helps foil crusader attack on Damascus. 1154 Nur al-Din takes Damascus and consolidates hold on Syria.

Timeline 1160s Struggle for control over Egypt. 1169 Asad al-Din Shirkuh becomes vizier of Egypt, dies a few weeks later. Succeeded by nephew, Salah al-Din Yusuf (Saladin). 1169-93 Reign of Saladin. 1171 Saladin abolishes Fatimid caliphate after death of caliph al-‘Adid (r. 1166-71).

Timeline 1174 Death of Nur al-Din. Saladin takes Damascus. 1183 Saladin takes Aleppo. 1186 Mosul recognises Saladin’s authority. 1187 Saladin destroys crusader field army at Hattin. Soon takes much of crusader territory, including Jerusalem.

Map Link: Saladin’s Conquests: <http://www.mideastweb.org/Middle-East-Encyclopedia/ saladin_conquests_map.jpg>

Map Link: The Battle of Hattin, 1187: <http://www.arsbellica.it/pagine/medievale/Hattin/hatm_eng.gif>

Timeline 1189 Richard I arrives in Levant. 1189-92 Richard and Saladin fight each other to a standstill. Sept 1192 Peace agreement made. Richard leaves Levant. 4th March 1193 Death of Saladin.

Map Link: The Levant in 1197: <http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ thumb/9/96/Levant_1197-fr.svg/440px-Levant _1197-fr.svg.png>

Timeline 1204 Crusaders take Constantinople, set up Latin states in Greece. Crusaders rule in Constantinople until 1261. 1218 Crusaders attack Egypt. 1219 Crusaders take Damietta. Al-Kamil (r. 1218-38) offers to return Jerusalem, but is refused. July 1221 Crusaders driven from Egypt.

Map Link: Fifth Crusade: <http://domin.dom.edu/faculty/dperry/hist267crusade/calendar/ 13thcentury/images/nile.jpg>

Frederick II Yolanda Timeline 1228 Frederick II arrives in Levant. 1229 Frederick negotiates handover of Jerusalem.

Timeline 1244 Khwarazmians take Jerusalem. 1246 Al-Salih (r. 1240-49) has Khwarazmians annihilated. 1249 Louis IX attacks Egypt, takes Damietta. Begins advance on Cairo. Al-Salih dies of illness in his tent…

(Book of Learning by Example) Usama ibn Munqidh (1095-1188) Kitab al-I‘tibar (Book of Learning by Example)

Object List Jami‘ al-Nuri, Hama, Syria (bt. 1162-63). Plan. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999), p. 129.) Jami‘ al-Nuri. Minaret. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives, p. 140.) Jami‘ al-Nuri. Inscriptions. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives, pp. 125-26 - two slides.) Jami‘ al-Nuri. Minbar. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives, p. 157.) Great Mosque, Aleppo (restored 1169-70). Courtyard. (A) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Great Mosque, Aleppo. Minaret. (A) Great Mosque, Aleppo. Mihrab and minbar. (A) Great Mosque, Aleppo. Interior of Sanctuary. (A) Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din (1172). Plan. (A) Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Interior of muqarnas dome. (A) Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Exterior of muqarnas dome. (A) Funerary madrasa of Nur al-Din. Muqarnas domes. (A) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Door knocker. Bronze. AD 1200. Aleppo. al-Madrasa al-Shadhabakhtiyya. 15.5cm. (F) Marble water basin. Egypt, 13th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/HIST2252slides/ waterbasin.jpg>.) Mystery object! Bronze. AD 1200. Damascus. (F) Alaeddin Camii, Nigde (Anatolia). 13th c. Plan. (F) Alaeddin Camii, Nigde (Anatolia). 13th c. interior. (F) Yirli Mosque - old Byzantine church. Antalya, Turkey. 1230. (F) Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Front view. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Detail of Minaret. (F) Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Portal. (F) Cifte Minare, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Detail of Cifte Minare façade. (F) Cifte Minare, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Detail of portal. (F) Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Carved motif. (F) Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Interior courtyard. (F) Cifte Minare Madrasa, Erzurum (Anatolia), 1253. Interior courtyard and arcade of Cifte Minare Madrasa, detail of columns. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Gok Medrese, exterior. Sivas, Turkey. 1271. (F) Ince Minare Madrasa (1258). (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam (London: Paul Hamlyn, 1966), p. 79.) Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). 1256. Façade and pishtaq. (F) Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c. 1260-1266. Detail of façade. (F) Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c. 1260-1267. Detail of entrance façade. (F) Ince Minare Madrasa, Konya (Turkey). c. 1260-1268. Detail. (F) Karatay Madrasa. Konya, Turkey. 1251. Façade. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Dome of Karatay Madrasa. (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam, p. 78.) Karatay Madrasa. Konya, Turkey. 1251/2. Qur’anic inscription: Al ‘Imran. (F) Turbe (tomb-mausoleum) of Hatun Hanien, daughter of Sultan Alaeddin Kay-Qubad I. 1237. (F) Church of Surp Khach (Holy Cross, 915-21), Aktamar Island, Turkey. (BBC News: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/>.) Tomb of Halima Khatun, 1335. (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 118.) Hudavent Hatun turbe Nigde. 1312. Anatolia. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List Detail of turbe of Hudavent Hatun. 1312. Anatolia. (F) Detail of Church of Surp Khach (Holy Cross), Aktamar Island, Turkey. (BBC News: <http://news.bbc.co.uk/>.) Sultanhane Caravanserai. Anatolia (1229). Detail of portal. (F) Sultanhane Caravanserai. Anatolia. Ceremonial gateway. Caravanserai with Corinthian capitals and zigzag columns. 1229. (F) Ceramic mihrab: Arslanhane Mosque. Ankara. Seljuq period. 13th c. (F) Decorated vase. Ceramic. 12th c. H = 19.5cm; D = 15.2cm. Lebanon. (F) F = Ferret, A = Archnet

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Bowl, late 12th/early 13th c. Raqqa, Syria. (Metropolitan Museum of Art: <http://metmuseum.org/>. – 2 images) A Syrian healing bowl allegedly made for Mahmud ibn Zanki, or the “son of Zangi, also known as Nur al-Din,” ruler of Damascus from 1147-1174. 12th c. (F) Blacas Ewer: brass hammered inlaid silver and copper. Mosul. 1232. (F) Detail of the Blacas Ewer. Brass, with silver and copper inlay. Mosul. 1232. “al-Mausili”. (F)

Object List Detail of the interior of the so-called “d’Arenberg Basin”, showing what appears to be Christian saints. Syria. c. 1240s. Brass inlaid. 9” high. (F) Tapestry-woven tiraz fragment attached to linen. Egypt. Second half of the 12th c. (F) Silk fabric. Turkey. 1219-37. (F) Wooden Qur’an stand. Konya, mid-13th c. (Niall Christie, Personal Collection: <http://www3.telus.net/nchristi/ HIST2252slides/quranstand1.jpg>.) Wooden Qur’an stand. Konya, mid-13th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al., Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), p. 60.) F = Ferret, A = Archnet