DRONE: UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE Seminar Co-Ordinator:  Mr. A.K.Singh Seminar Presented by: Ajit Pal Singh

Introduction Introduction  An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), known as a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot.  Drone stands for Dynamic Remotely Operated Navigation Equipment  Its flight is either controlled autonomously by computers or under the remote control of a pilot on the ground

Birth of UAV’s Birth of UAV’s  The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned aerial vehicle was A. M. Low's "Aerial Target" of 1916  After World War-I, including the first scale RPV, developed by the film star and model airplane enthusiast Reginald Denny in 1935  The birth of U.S. UAVs began in 1959 when United States Air Force officers, concerned about losing pilots over hostile territory.  The August 2 &4, 1964,U.S. Navy initiated America's highly classified UAVs into their first combat missions of the Vietnam War.

UAV is a “System”

Sub-System of UAVs  COMMUNICATIONS:-  Operates on ultra high frequency  Communicates with ku-band system  Operates with uplink frequencies from to GHz and downlink frequency GHz to GHz  NAVIGATION:-  Avionics use satellite based system such as GPS and WAAS  It calculates position automatically

 MONITORING:-  Includes GPS system  High resolution video camera  Super high resolution still camera  COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM:-  Use traffic and collision system  Smaller aircraft use simple traffic alerting system  Aircraft use ground proximity warning system  WEATHER SYSTEM:- Use weather radar and lighting detector system

INDIA HAVING UAV DEVELOPED BY DRDO & HAL LAKASHYADRDO RUSTOM DEVELOPED BY ADE FLUFFYPAWAN NISHANT

* Rustom is a Medium Altitude Long Endurance unmanned combat air vehicle being developed by DRDO. * Digital Flight Control and Navigation System, Automatic Take off and Landing. * Aerodynamic configurations, High aspect ratio wing, Composite airframe integrated with propulsion system, De- icing system for wings

DRDO Nishant * The DRDO Nishant is an developed by India's ADE. * Day/night capability training vehicle. * Its range of Service ceiling:3,600 m (upto 11,800 ft)

 Lakshya is an Indian remotely piloted high speed target drone system developed by ADE of DRDO.  Service ceiling: 9,000 m (29,528 ft) 5,000 metres (16,404 ft) with towed target.  Launch: Rocket Assisted LAKSHYA PTA

US Drone-Global Hawk: * Length-13.5m * Wingspam-35.4m * Height-4.6m * Empty-Weight-3850kg * Max loaded weight-10400kg * Maximum speed-650kmph * Service ceiling-20000m * Endurance-34hours Indian Drone-Rustom-H : * Length-9.5m * Wingspam-20.6m * Height-6.1m * Empty weight-1800kg * Max loaded weight-2150kg * Maximum Speed-225kmph * Service ceiling-10668m * Endurance-14hours

UAV vs. Manned Aircraft  Remotely piloted vehicles will never fully replace manned aircraft  They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of missions due to their small size and decreased radar.  To wholly replace man would be expensive and technically risky.  UAS should be only considered for certain types of missions for which it can be a cost effective  With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics, the UAV can be made much smaller and cheaper  Size largely determined by the size of the payload,

* IN COUNTER TERRORISM ACTIVITY: * IN COMMERCIAL AERIAL SURVEILLANCE:

 IN OIL, GAS AND MINERAL EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION:  IN TRANSPORT  IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH  IN ARMED ATTACKS  IN SEARCH & RESCUE

 Does not contain, or need, a qualified pilot on board  Can enter environments that are dangerous to human life  Reduces the exposure risk of the aircraft operator  Performing visual or thermal imaging of a region  Measuring cell phone, radio, or, TV coverage over any terrain  Can be programmed to complete the mission autonomously even when contact with its GCS is lost

 Immoral  Civilian casualties  Angers many people in foreign countries(infringe upon sovereignty)  Can be hacked or given viruses  Too small for transportation of materials  Low resistance to weather  Cannot refuel in flight  If contact is lost with the ground station, the vehicle may be lost.

CONCLUSION  Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are an exciting field in the world of aviation, with new discoveries. Over the next 16 years, UAVs will become a significant component of military, civil, and perhaps even commercial aviation.  However, the very dynamic nature of the field also creates a significant amount of uncertainty. The wide range of UAV physical and performance characteristics, many of which will be very unlike any current aircraft, will place additional challenges on an air traffic management system.