Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Preferential Subject 2 Specification and Evaluation of Substation Automation Systems Special Report Summary Steven A. Kunsman (USA) Special Reporter Calgary, Canada (15-Sept-2005)

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Report Overview Preferential Subject 2 addresses Substation Automation (SA) Systems specification and bid evaluation process Fifteen papers from eight countries Special Report develops five main categories:  Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications  Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications  First experiences with IEC based specifications  Applications and test methods of SA Systems  Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation)

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) B5 201Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SASB5-WG18 FR01 208Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SASBongrain, … FR02 209Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …Leitoff, … IN01 211SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …Patki, … RO01 212Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control EquipmentGal, …  CIGRE Study Committee B5-WG18 report summary of SA System specification and evaluation of bid offerings  based on utility and vendor experiences  Describes fundamental components required in the preparation of a comprehensive SA System specification:  Specify functionality and not definition of the solution  Identity critical performance criteria  Project execution is as important as the technical solution  Need for bid evaluation

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) B5 201Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SASB5-WG18 FR01 208Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SASBongrain, … FR02 209Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …Leitoff, … IN01 211SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …Patki, … RO01 212Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control EquipmentGal, …  Utility experience in specification process and deployment of an automation system  Challenge was to make the specification:  Easy to understand  Remain on a functional level and not define solutions  Provide a means to test the implemented functionality  Benefits realized in the formal specification process:  Fewer efforts in development and test  Reuse of the formal specification for future projects  Better understanding of the application by suppliers  Long term value through reuse

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) B5 201Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SASB5-WG18 FR01 208Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SASBongrain, … FR02 209Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …Leitoff, … IN01 211SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …Patki, … RO01 212Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control EquipmentGal, …  Utility method for developing an SA System functional specification for medium and high voltage substations  Decomposition and functional analysis of an existing electro- mechanical/static protection and control system  Functional analysis used to define the functional requirements for new SA System specification  Method reviewed safety and maintenance related activities to provide additional aspects of the functional specification

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) B5 201Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SASB5-WG18 FR01 208Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SASBongrain, … FR02 209Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …Leitoff, … IN01 211SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …Patki, … RO01 212Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control EquipmentGal, …  Utility specification process for new centralized control concept  Evaluation of installed system architecture and performance  Different ages and versions commissioned over 15 years  Audit/assessment of current functionality  Migration of solution towards open architectures  Implementation based on standard-based protocols

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) B5 201Guidelines for Specification and Evaluation of SASB5-WG18 FR01 208Formal Approach for Specification of Automatisms in RTE SASBongrain, … FR02 209Determination of functional Specification based on Analysis …Leitoff, … IN01 211SA Experience of Tata Power, Spec requirements and performance …Patki, … RO01 212Practical Experience on Substation Protection and Control EquipmentGal, …  Utility practical experience gained during specification process  Functionality to achieved (derived from the single lines)  Performance requirements (communication, time-sync, reliability, availability, maintainability, security and expandability)  Constraints for process and communication interfaces and physical limitations  Resulting specification major sections:  Functionality and allocation of functions,  Protection and control architecture  System performance and system constraints

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) AU01 202Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized EnvironmentOrlowski,... DE01 204Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes …Ludwig, …  Utility issues related to power system communication infrastructure impact and utilization due to the privatization and separation of the utility’s distribution and transmission entities  Lack of Funding  Need to invest significant cost to upgrade old communication infrastructures  Legacy communication systems are left in place for existing functionality and operate co-existent with modern systems  High costs to operate legacy infrastructure  Increased maintenance cost, difficult to find spare components, and decreased availability.

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) AU01 202Power System Communication Challenges in a Privatized EnvironmentOrlowski,... DE01 204Substation Control Technology requirements for User Purposes …Ludwig, …  Utility experience and de-regulation factors that have caused change in the substation control system requirements  Infrastructure investments highly scrutinized  High value on integration of new functions and applications  Reduction of costs  Increased reliability  Increased use of standards and commercially available components  Ease of integration  Significant reduction of component costs

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 First experiences with IEC based specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) CH01 203First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC SAS Brand, … DE02 205IEC Implementation Accelerates on the data-highwayWong, … ES01 206Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing …Torres, …  Supplier experiences in customer IEC SA Systems specifications  Specification requirements and supplier interpretation may not provide a solution fulfilling the intended specification  Dependant on knowledge of IEC  From a functional perspective, IEC does not differ from traditional SA System Specifications  IEC is a means for different and potentially cost-effective solutions

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 First experiences with IEC based specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) CH01 203First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC SAS Brand, … DE02 205IEC Implementation Accelerates on the data-highwayWong, … ES01 206Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing …Torres, …  Supplier experiences and benefits of IEC  SAS specification and design based on IEC was simplified  Standardized application function (Logical Nodes)  Elimination of protocol converters  Fewer components count in the SAS  Main benefits  Reduce complexity  Costs savings in specification, design, implementation and commissioning of SA Systems

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 First experiences with IEC based specifications Paper #TitleAuthor(s) CH01 203First Experiences with customer specifications based on IEC SAS Brand, … DE02 205IEC Implementation Accelerates on the data-highwayWong, … ES01 206Iberdrola Group Experience about Specification and purchasing …Torres, …  Utility specification process experience in new IEC based SAS  Intended to be standard design for at least the next 10 years  Main motivation for an IEC based systems to:  Achieve manufacturer interoperability  Realize advanced engineering process and maintenance procedures  Process contributors from past experience and improvement recommendation from all organization with previous involvement in SAS  Engineering, telecontrol, protection, maintenance and operations  Significant investment needed for the development of the specification  Cost to be recovered through improvements in required engineering efforts and maintenance facilities

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper #TitleAuthor(s) ES02 207Automation functions in Integrated Distribution SubstationsMontoya US01 213Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMSKezunovic US02 214IEEE C Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …Holstein, … US03 215Functional Testing of IEC Bases Substation Automation SystemVandiver,…  Overview of a substation automation control system application  Use of modern IEDs and the benefits of digital technology  Main advantages of the automated substation system are:  Control from remote location  Reduction of wiring  Improved maintenance and operations applications  Improved reliability from functional consolidation

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper #TitleAuthor(s) ES02 207Automation functions in Integrated Distribution SubstationsMontoya US01 213Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMSKezunovic US02 214IEEE C Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …Holstein, … US03 215Functional Testing of IEC Bases Substation Automation SystemVandiver,…  Requirements for automated Substation Monitoring System (SMS)  Main issues being solved in this SMS requirement:  Data collected from various IEDs lack verification and can result in erroneous calculations  Operators inability to effectively extract the required information due to amount and format of data  Functions described in this solution are:  Circuit breaker monitor analysis, fault recording analysis, power quality analysis, two-stage state estimation, system wide fault analysis with fault location, switching sequence verification

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper #TitleAuthor(s) ES02 207Automation functions in Integrated Distribution SubstationsMontoya US01 213Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMSKezunovic US02 214IEEE C Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …Holstein, … US03 215Functional Testing of IEC Bases Substation Automation SystemVandiver,…  Describes a standard method for the test and evaluation of communication messages in SA Systems as defined in IEEE C  Evaluation criteria, performance measures and test scenarios for components used in the SA System solution  Standard test scenarios illustrated as an example of the application based evaluation

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Paper #TitleAuthor(s) ES02 207Automation functions in Integrated Distribution SubstationsMontoya US01 213Requirement Specification for Evaluation of an Automated SMSKezunovic US02 214IEEE C Standard Test Method for Use in the Evaluation …Holstein, … US03 215Functional Testing of IEC Bases Substation Automation SystemVandiver,…  Describes test requirements and applications for functional testing of IEC based SA Systems  Station bus level IEC  Process bus level IEC  Standardization of Substation Configuration Language IEC also supports automatic testing of SA systems

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation) Paper #TitleAuthor(s) FR Years of Substation Automation Systems: changes analysis …Hossenlopp  Reports on changes in future substation automation systems  Major drivers in electric utility are compliance with regulatory bodies, power system reliability and bottom line profit  Twenty years of functional consolidation through advances in technology and multi-function Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)  Smaller panels than discrete protection and control systems  Technology evolution and new product introduction based on IEC will only continue the process of functional consolidation  Lower component count  Reduction in wiring interconnects

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Onto Questions....

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Process and experience of SA Systems Specifications Specification process depends on input from many users of the SA System.  How does the specification team value this input and prioritization requirements?  What are the experiences in the utilities with the tender evaluation process? Along with the capability of new technologies, specification and engineering of SA systems will also be influenced by new standards like IEC  How does the introduction of IEC impact the specification and engineering process?  Will utilities allow for free allocation of functional elements in different devices to possibly maximize component costs savings?

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Privatization impacts on infrastructure and specifications Demand on the communication infrastructure will continue to increase as the accessibility ease and additional valued information is demanded.  How should future communication infrastructure utilization/expansion be included in the SA System specifications?  How can these additional costs justified? Utility security is a major issue for systems as well as tools. As soon as systems are connected the corporate Intranet or network, the security vulnerability and threat potential increases.  How should the security aspects of the SCS and SA Systems be specified to provide the flexibility in use of commercial software (e.g. web browsers)?

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 First experiences with IEC based specifications Key points made for SA System Specification is the requested functionality of the substation application and the utility operational philosophies. IEC “standard” does not mean a single or standard solution is required to meet different utility requirements and operation philosophies.  How do the first IEC based technical solutions differ?  How do the first experiences reflect on the interoperability goal?  What are key factors required in specifications assuring interoperability without losing post-engineered device inter-changeability? Three types IEC utilities: Greenfield(new), Hybrid and retrofit (mixed SA Systems), Stay with present architecture.  How shall the “hybrid” or substation expansion projects specification take advantage and benefit from IEC 61850?  How can utilities that wait for proven experience in IEC take advantage of the IEC concepts in SAS specification?  Can systems can be migrated to an IEC in the future?

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Applications and test methods of SA Systems Migration to functional specification and the advancements in technology lead to complexity in the system making it very difficult to test. Some utility stated will rely on the vendor to assure functionality compliance. IEC conformance does not include application or system level testing.  How can the features (e.g. Substation Configuration Language) be utilized to assure the maximum test coverage?  Can the application test scenarios defined in IEEE C be used to assure maximum test coverage and provide validation of the SA System to the SAS specification?  How can this standard be used to accommodate application variations?

Steven A. Kunsman (USA) CIGRE Study Committee B5 – PS2 Trends in SA Systems (functional consolidation) In many of the papers, the existing substation equipment is based on a collage of technologies from discrete devices (electromechanical) and control systems to proprietary SAS.  How to assure that SAS specification developed in 2005 allows future solutions to take advantage of future functional consolidation?  How does free allocation of functions according to IEC change the SAS physical configuration and its components?  How does the continued trend in functional consolidation influence the SA system engineering or re-engineering?