Labor, Socialism & Politics to WWI

I. Methods of Reform Majority of workers in late 19 th c. were wage earners. Most were in unskilled job associated with shipping, transportation & building. The unskilled working class had 3 choices to change working conditions and assert their rights.

1.Trade Unionism (syndicalism) a) orig. in France b) federated bodies of industrial workers 1) possess means of _________ 2) control _____________ 3) to do this involved __________, ___________ & ________ (Want job security & wages to keep pace with inflation) c) Benefits: d) Drawbacks:

2.Democracy & Political Parties a) b) c) d) advocated programs e) organized f) Benefits: g) Drawbacks 3. Revolution

II. Socialist Parties 1.“Socialism” is a broad a) In 19 th c. term used to condemn _______ &___________ b) For Karl Marx – socialism implied the abolition of _______, _______, _______ and ______ as a commodity. c) Since 19 th c, socialists have not agreed on a common __________

d)Marxist socialism aims to _________ capitalist system e)Social democracy aims to ________ capitalist system & f) Nationalism? g) Socialist ideology united h) Major issue = __________v________

2.Karl Marx & the First International a) 1864 – by b) Marx’s position c) British reaction d) French reaction e) Marx followers advocated

III. Socialism in the Major States 1.Gr. Britain a) Labour Party – founded in 1901 b) membership = c) Taff Vale Case 1) Lawsuit _________vs_________ 2) Why? 3) House of Lords rules in favor of d) opposition to the ruling leads to

e.Fabian Society –Favored –Wanted collective ownership on municipal level – called f.Liberal Party –David Lloyd George –Afraid of losing seats in –Under George, National Insurance Act of 1911 –This meant Britain was

2.France a) conflict between moderate socialists & Marxists. Why? 1) moderates believed 2) Marxists b) Opportunism –Formed a single party –Became 2 nd largest group in Chamber of Deputies c) Confederation General du Travail embraced favored

3.Germany a) German Social Democratic Party (SPD) = conflict b/t b) Bismarck wanted? c) But, socialists won d) Bismarck’s smart move =

4.Erfurt Program a) adopted by the SPD b) SPD members c) 5.Revisionism (Eduard Bernstein) a) questioned b) c) d) e)

6.Russia a) Nicholas II & Sergei Witte b) problems w/ rapid industrialization c) Social Democratic Party had to work d) Social Rev Party & Constitutional Democratic Party

e.Social Democratic Party 1) 2) 3) Vladimir Lenin 4) Forced split in Social Dem Party a. b.

f.Rev of 1905 (no single cause or aim  ) 1) Causes g.“Bloody Sunday” & Father Gapon h.10 months of disarray (soviets) i.Results = Duma