Výskumný ústav potravinársky,Oddelenie chémie a analýzy potravín Priemyselná 4, SK-824 75 Bratislava, Slovenská Republika MARTIN.

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Výskumný ústav potravinársky,Oddelenie chémie a analýzy potravín Priemyselná 4, SK Bratislava, Slovenská Republika MARTIN POLOVKA, BLANKA TOBOLKOVÁ, MILAN SUHAJ Konferencia projektu HUSK-0901/1.2.1/0010 Mosonmagyaróvár, Diferenciácia slovenských a maďarských špaldových múk Differentiation of Slovak and Hungarian Spelt Flours

Poľné pokusy – Field experiments 2010/2011 & 2011/2012 Konvenčné pestovanie – Conventional farming : Maďarsko – Hungary:Mosonmagyaróvár Sopronkövesd Slovensko – Slovakia:Lég - Lehnice Ekologické pestovanie – Organic farming: Maďarsko – Hungary:Rábcakapi Slovensko – Slovakia:Diószeg - Sládkovičovo ParcelaOšetrenie / Plant keeping Množstvo/ QuantityJednotk a/ Unit Jeseň/ Autumn Jar/ Spring 1.Kontrola / Reference00 2.Azoter100l/ha 3.NPK / Vinasz20050kg/ha 4.Biokál 0110 l/ha 5.Greensoil PK+Ca+S200kg/ha

Poľné pokusy – Field experiments Odrody / Spelt varieties: Lajta, Öko 10 Jarné ošetrenie / Spring – time soil keeping -ošetrené/neošetrené Biokál-01 Biokál 01 was/was not applied on soil Sládkovičovo - DiószegLehnice - Lég Mosonmagyaróvár

Analýza experimentálnych charakteristík pomocou viacrozmernej štatistiky Analysis of dataset of experimental characteristics by multivariate statistics

Spolu vyhodnocovaných 15 skupín parametrov (spolu 71 parametrov) - u 80 vzoriek vzoriek pomocou EPR, UV-VIS-NIR, AAS, HPLC, ITP,... Altogether 15 group of parameters (71 characteristics) determined for 80 flour samples by means of EPR, UV-VIS-NIR, AAS, HPLC, ITP… Viacrozmerná štatistika – diskriminácia a diferenciácia vzoriek pomocou PCA, CDA, PCF, k-th nearest neighbor: Multivariate statistics – differentiation of samples pomocou PCA, CDA, PCF, k-th nearest neighbor Kritériá – Criteria -Región pôvodu – region of origin (Slovakia vs. Hungary) -Lokalita – locality (Moson, Sopronkövesd, Rábcakapi, Lehnice, Sládkovičovo, Búšlak) -Spôsob pestovania – way of farming (organic vs. conventional) -Odrodová skladba – varietal composition (Lajta vs. Öko 10) -Mletie – grinding (raw R, smooth S, semi-smooth S, whole-meal W)

Differentiation of spelt flour samples on the basis of Amino Acids content – Clear difference of varieties Discrimination of spelt flour samples on the basis of Amino Acids content according to the region

Differentiation of samples on the basis of all characteristics – SK (1) flours vs. HU (2) Differentiation of samples on the basis of all characteristics – Organic (O) vs. Conventional (C) Canonical difscrimination of samples according to the region of production (R-Rábcakapi, M – Moson, B – Buslak, S – Sopronkövesd, SK- Sladkovičovo, H- Lehnice PCA of samples according to varietal composition – also samples of Lajta, Öko, but also Rye and Wheat flors taken into analysis

Analýza vplyvu podmienok pestovania na jednotlivé sledované parametre pomocou jednorozmerného ANOVA testu Analysis of influence of growing conditions on individual flour samples‘ properties by means of one-way ANOVA test

Organické múky vs. konvenčné múky – Organic vs. conventional flours Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely – Statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Total polyphenols (TPC, Qeuncher, %ABTS +, TEAC DPPH, Chromacity, Yellow Index, Fatty acids C 11:0, C 12:0, Total sachcharides, Aminoacids: Glutamic Acid, Asparagine V organických múkach je viac In organic flours is increased V konvenčných múkach je viac In conventional flours is increased Total flavonoids contentCa, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn Faty acids C 4:0, C 4:1, C 6:0, C 8:0, C 10:0, C 14:0, C 15:0, C 15:0, C 16:0, C 16:1, C 17:1, C 18:0, C 18:1, C 18:2, C 18:3, C 20:0, C 20:1, C 20:2, C 24:1 Total nitrogen, Ash & dry matter content Total content of Amino acids % DPPH, TEAC ABTS +, EPR ABTS +, EPR DPPH

Odrodové rozdiely – Varietal differences Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely – Statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Fe, K, Mg, Na, ash content, dry matter content, TFC, TPC, Quencher, TEAC ABTS +, Yellow index Lajta (Mosonmagyaróvár) konvenčné Conventional Lajta (Mosonmagyaróvár) Zvýšené / Increased Öko 10 (Mosonmagyaróvár) konvenčné In conventional Öko 10 (Mosonmagyaróvár) Zvýšené / Increased % ABTS +, % DPPH, TEAC DPPH, EPR DPPH Ca, Cu, Zn, N, EPR ABTS +, Chromacity, Total fatty acids, Total saccharides, Total aminoacids Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Lajta (Rábcakapi) organické Organic Lajta (Rábcakapi) Zvýšené / Increased Öko 10 (Rábcakapi) organické In organic Öko 10 (Rábcakapi) Zvýšené / Increased TFC, % DPPH, Total saccharides, Total aminoacids Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg,Na, total N, ash content, TPC, Quencher, Yellow index, %ABTS, TEAC ABTS, EPR ABTS +, Chromacity, Fatty acids C 16:0, C 15:0, C 17:1, C 18:0, C 18:1, C 20:0 Štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely – Statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Na, D ry matter, total aminoacids, Fatty acids C 18:1, C 18:3

Regionálne rozdiely – Regional differences Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely – Statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Ca, total N, TFC, TPC, TEAC ABTS +, Yellowness Lajta (Mosonmagyaróvár) konvenčné Conventional Lajta (Mosonmagyaróvár) Zvýšené / Increased Lajta (Sopronkövesd) konvenčné Conventional Lajta (Sopronkövesd) Zvýšené / Increased Fe, Na, K, Ash, Dry matter, % DPPH, TEAC DPPH, EPR ABTS +, EP R DPPH, Chromacity Cu, K, Mg, Quencher, Total fatty acids, Total Saccharides, Total Aminoacids Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Öko 10 (Mosonmagyaróvár) konvenčné In conventional Öko 10 (Mosonmagyaróvár) Zvýšené / Increased Öko 10 (Rábcakapi) organické In organic Öko 10 (Rábcakapi) Zvýšené / Increased Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Zn, Ash, Total N, Dry matter, % DPPH, EPR ABTS, Total saccharides Quencher, T otal amino acids, T otal fatty acids Štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely – Statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Fatty acids C 12:0, Yellow index, Chromacity, TEAC DPPH, TEAC ABTS +, %ABTS +, TPC, TFC

Jarné ošetrenie – Spring protection – Biokál 01 I. Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Lajta konvenčné / conventional Sopronkövesd Zvýšený obsah / Increased content of Ošetrené - ProtectedNeošetrené – Non protected Some amino acidsSome fatty acids Ostatné parametre štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely For other parameters - statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Lajta konvenčné / conventional Mosonmagyaróvár Zvýšený obsah / increased content of Ošetrené - ProtectedNeošetrené – Non protected Some fatty acids-

Jarné ošetrenie – Spring protection – Biokál 01 II. Štatisticky významné rozdiely – Statistically significant differences (p<0.05) Öko 10 konvenčné / conventional Mosonmagyaróvár Zvýšený obsah / increased content of Ošetrené - ProtectedNeošetrené – Non protected – %ABTS +, TEAC ABTS +, EPR ABTS + Ostatné parametre štatisticky nevýznamné rozdiely – For other parameters - statistically non-significant differences (p<0.05) Öko 10 organické / organic Rábcakapi Zvýšený obsah / increased content Ošetrené - ProtectedNeošetrené – Non protected –Faty acids C 226n3, Total Amino acids Öko 10 organické / organic Rábcakapi Zvýšený obsah / Increased content Ošetrené - ProtectedNeošetrené – Non protected Fatty acids C 22:1n9, Yellow indexMg

Závery / Conclusion  Podmienky pestovania špaldovej pšenice ako aj odrodové rozdiely významnou mierou ovplyvňujú obsah viacerých zložiek, vrátane funkčných zložiek so zdravotne prospešným účinkom  G rowing conditions as well as varietal differences and differences in plant keeping significantly affect the content of functional components of spelt flours  Viacrozmernými štatistickými metódami je možné s vysokou správnosťou klasifikovať vzorky múk podľa zvolených kritérií  Multivariate statistical methods represent an appropriate tool for classification of flours according to selected criteria  Pomocou ANOVA analýzy boli preukázané štatisticky významné rozdiely medzi vzorkami s ohľadom na región pôvodu, spôsob pestovania ako aj odrodové rozdiely – najčastejšie rozdiely sú sledované v obsahu kovov, obsahu aminokyselín, mastných kyselín a sacharidov, ako aj antioxidačných vlastnostiach  ANOVA analysis revealed statisticaly significant differences between the samples following from regional differences, way of production and plant keeping. Most frequently, differences in the content of trace metals and minerals, content of aminoacids, fatty acids and sugars, as well as antioxidant properties were found

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