The Industrial Revolution

What is the Industrial Revolution?  A shift in production from simple hand tools to complex machines and human and animal power to steam power.

The Beginnings  Industrial Revolution (I.R.) born in Britain from 1750 – 1850  Change occurs when production of goods shifts from the artisan’s workshop to mass production in factories.  I.R. spread from Britain to Europe and North America to the rest of the globe

Industrial Revolution led to advancements in: Science – Speed of light, Bunsen Burner Technology – Sewing Machine, Steam Engine, Communications Medicine – Surgery, Anesthetics

3 Causes of the Industrial Revolution

2nd Agricultural Revolution 1. Crop Rotation 2. Fertilizer 3. Enclosing land, led to migration to cities Result: Increased agricultural productivity.

Population Explosion 1. Less famine, less disease 2. More food 3. Healthier babies 4. People lived longer

New Sources of Energy 1. Wind 2. Water, Steam 3. Coal

Why Britain? 1. Natural resources A. Large supplies of coal B. Tons of Iron

2. Human Resources A. Available workforce, Population up B. Less farmers, more factory workers

3. New Technology – Enlightenment Thinkers A. Adam Smith ~ Capitalism B. Karl Marx ~ Marxism C. Liberalism

4. Economic Conditions A. Large population meant more demand for goods B. Strong stable governments that promoted economic growth C. Over seas markets D. Laizze-faire economics E. Investment Capital (Money)

5. Political and Social Attitudes A. Navy protected shipping B. Religion promoted hard work

Biggest “New” Industry Textiles 1.Clothes, furniture, home furnishings. 2.Machines, assembly lines, mass production 3.Factories 4.Links to American Slavery

Transportation Revolution 1.River ways 2.Private roads 3.Railroads

Growth of Cities 1. Rural to Urban – growth of cities 2. Family size was not increasing, people were living longer. 3. Improved methods of farming 4. Food storage improved 5. Food distribution improved 6. Medical advancements and improvements 7. Public sanitation

Life in Large Cities – Paris, London 1. Rich vs. Poor 2. Larger wider streets, pavement 3. Public Centers 4. Trolley lines 5. Police and Fire Dept 6. Gas lamps 7. Sewers 8. Skyscrapers, Eiffel Tower 9. Cultural Centers 10. Factories

Industrial Revolution and its Effect on Cities and People Factory Work 1.Rise of factories and increases in pollution 2.Long hours 3.Harsh conditions, unsafe, unsanitary

4. Overcrowding 5. Child Labor 6. Change in the way workers’ lived 7. Establishment of working and middle classes

Industrial Revolution Reform 1.Establishment of Middle class 2.Labor unions 3.Government Intervention 4.Religious Movements - Methodists

Understanding the New Problems 1. Making the Connection and Fighting Disease, Contaminated Water 2. Scientists develop “germ theory” microbes cause disease 3. Doctors did not want to believe it

Louis Pasteur ~ Father of Microbiology  1870 – Louis Pasteur linked (microorganisms) germs to disease and developed a vaccine for rabies and is figured out the pasteurization of milk and the fermenting of wine and beer.

Major Diseases 1. Tuberculosis – Killed 30 million people 2. Yellow Fever 3. Malaria – spread by mosquitoes, standing water 4. Cholera 5. Infection

Cures 1. Anesthetic 2. Baths 3. Change Clothes 4. Wash Hands 5. Wash Instruments 6. Cleaner Hospitals

Long-Term Effects of I.R. 1. Increase in new and relatively inexpensive products. 2. Spread of industrialization globally. 3. Development of large corporations and other new ways of organizing businesses. 4. Expansion of public education 5. Expansion of the middle class

Long-Term Effects of I.R. 1. Fierce competition among industrialized nations for world trade. 2. Progress in medical care and nutrition 3. Growth of Women’s movements 4. Development of new, technologically advanced weapons.