The Estuary and Its Habitation Zones

Estuaries Estuaries are where the salt and fresh water mix Sheltered environments for saltmarshes and mangroves Spawning areas for fish Recreational regions for man Location where fishing industries are often situated

Salt Marshes Partial tidal coverage Salt tolerant vegetation Very important habitat for birds and coastal animals (provides shelter) Often seen as wasted land in past so filled in for use causing huge issues within ecosystem

Salt Marshes Salt marshes are often found in sheltered areas (e.g. behind sand spits) Where coastal zone meets fresh water is common as well

Mangroves Shrubs / trees able to withstand saline soils and water Soils are rich in nutrient and plant content. This decays (detritus) and is consumed by other animals in the food chain Provide a valuable habitat for flora and fauna Assist in reducing wave energy, thereby protecting the environment

Mangroves

Dunes Incipient Dune – grass covered and changing Foredune – larger vegetation and more stable Hind Dunes – established soils, large vegetation, little affect from ocean spray/winds