Shaping the Industrial World

1. Emergence of Europe New Technologies The Renaissance meant rediscovering the learning of ancient civilization. Much of the knowledge had been preserved by Muslim scholars in Spain and the Middle East. The Europeans thinkers built on this ancient learning for new discoveries and inventions. Technologies from other lands were adapted, e.g. a compass and gunpowder from China which was later improved and developed by the Europeans.

2. A money economy Move away from bartering to exchanging goods for money. This move allowed some people to accumulate capital. This surplus capital was used to invest in a business for making profit. Some used their capital for overseas trading voyages. Trading voyages to the east seeking silk and spices.

3. Overseas expansion Rulers who paid for trading voyages: - Manuel 1 - Vasco Da Gama - Ferdinand and Isabell - Christopher Columbus These voyages spurred Europeans to explore other regions. This resulted in claiming lands that did not belong to them. Trading posts in Africa and Americas were established. Over the next 300 years, Portugal, Spain, France and England had expanded their empires.

6. Industrial Revolution Second Industrial Revolution: Changes in industry and agriculture Three main causes of second industrial revolution 1.New crops from the Americas meant a variety to plant for farmers 2.New farming machines meant that they could produce more 3.New improved methods of farming 4.New Systems of Production 5.Two main key features: machines replaced hand tools steam and machine replaced human and animal power. Industrial Revolution began in Britain - cloth making (making threads and weaving the cloth). Entrepreneurs risked their money in investing their capital in businesses, brought machines and workers under one roof a(factory)