Week Eight Agenda Announcements Link of the week Review week seven lab assignment This week’s expected outcomes Next lab assignment Break-out problems Upcoming deadlines Lab assistance, questions and answers

Link of the week A Sys Admin's Unixersal Translator (ROSETTA STONE) OR What do they call that in this world? Tasks OSs Adm. GUIAIX File SystemA/UX KernelFreeBSD Start up scriptsHP-UX Create a file systemLinux Mount CDROMNCR Unix Add softwareOpen BSD Mac OS X

Link of the week Software Installation Quick Assist for Mac OS X is a great toolbox that organizes and supports your software collection.

Link of the week Open Source Projects Lab Assignment 13-1 Public Domain/Open Software Evaluation is due December 12, Requirements: APA Style format Cover sheet (course, instructor name, topic) Three typed pages of information (min) Reference page

Link of the week Lab Assignment 13-1 Public Domain/Open Software Evaluation Bulletin Board: Open Source Presentation Sign Up No two presentations shall be the same. Lab assignment grade components. Paper: 0 – 75 points Presentation 0 – 25 points Presentation dates: December 7 (week 14) December 14 ( week 15)

Review week seven lab assignment Define: Data structure is where information is stored/collected in one place. The stored information may or may not be related. Data structures are unique in their construction so as to deliver a specific usage. Commonly data structures are arrays, hash tables, stacks, and queues.

Review week seven lab assignment inode The inode data structure file mode – file permissions (rwx) count of hard links – how many hard links point to the inode file type – executable, block special owner id group id time of last file access - timestamp time of last file modification - timestamp file size - bytes file addresses – addresses of the blocks of storage containing the files data on a HDD

Review week seven lab assignment

The directory maps file names to inodes. Each file has one inode. The number of inodes is a kernel parameter value set manually or dynamically by the operating system. Each file may have more than one directory entry. Inodes contain a list of disk block addresses. All inodes are data structures

Review week seven lab assignment

When there are multiple hard links, more directory entries point to the same inode (same file name) An inode can only hold a fixed number of direct data block addresses (10 for Linux). Large files use indirect block addresses. The inode keeps a count of the number of hard links that point to it. Deleting a file deletes an entry from a directory. If the number of hard links is 1, removing or deleting that file will also delete the inode.

Review week seven lab assignment

Define: A symbolic link is a link to a directory or to a file in a different file system. A symbolic path indicates the abstract location of another file. Command: ln –s lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun rc0.d -> rc.d/rc0.d lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun rc1.d -> rc.d/rc1.d Define: A physical link (hard) refers to the specific location of physical data. Command: ln -rwx dandrear faculty 318 Jun 14 21:03 prog1 -rwx dandrear faculty 318 Jun 14 21:03 prog2

Review week seven lab assignment Define: tar tar –cf newpack.tar /export/home/dandrear tar –xvf origpack.tar tar –tvf origpack.tar Define: gzip gzip filename.tar gzip –d filename.tar.gz gunzip filename.tar.gz Define: bzip2/bunzip2ip bzip2 filename.tar bunzip2 filename.tar.bx2

Review week seven lab assignment Installing the software package Package FreeBSD Port Usually, the source files are packaged in a compressed archive file (.tar.gz). After downloading, the.tar.gz file, use the tar tool to uncompress the un-package the source files.

Review week seven lab assignment Definition: Installation of computer programs. Installation process: - Condensed package - Unpack package - Customized package - Test the functionality of the system - Configure files

Review week seven lab assignment Two choices for installing a project 1. Install binaries from a package called “rpm” in Red Hat. rpm checks for dependencies and conflicts with other installed packages on the system.

Review week seven lab assignment 2. Install from source code Allows for custom installations Allows for code modifications Optimum compilation for target platform

Review week seven lab assignment rpm is a tool rpm –q sloccount (query to see if tool exists) If the tool isn’t on your system, create a directory named sloccount Download name sloccount i386.rpm rpm –vUh sloccount i386.rpm (install tool) See the man page regarding the rpm tool

Review week seven lab assignment QUERYING AND VERIFYING PACKAGES: rpm {-q|--query} [select-options] [query-options] rpm {-V|--verify} [select-options] [verify-options] rpm --import PUBKEY... rpm {-K|--checksig} [--nosignature] [--nodigest] PACKAGE_FILE... INSTALLING, UPGRADING, AND REMOVING PACKAGES: rpm {-i|--install} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE... rpm {-U|--upgrade} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE... rpm {-F|--freshen} [install-options] PACKAGE_FILE... rpm {-e|--erase} [--allmatches] [--nodeps] [--noscripts] [--notriggers] [--repackage] [--test] PACKAGE_NAME...

Review week seven lab assignment Software Installation of UNIX/Linux typically goes something like this: Download the software, which might be distributed in source code format, or as a binary. Unpack the software from its distribution format (typically a tarball compressed with compress, gzip, or bzip2 Locate the documentation (perhaps an INSTALL or README file, or some files in a doc/ subdirectory) and read up on how to install the software. If the software was distributed in source format, compile it. This may involve editing a makefile, or running a configure script, and other work. Test and install the software.

Review week seven lab assignment Software releases What are you normally installing? Interfaces – normally remain the constant. Implementations – actual fixes Behaviors – system changes from one implementation to another

Review week seven lab assignment Kernel is the central component of most operating systems. It’s responsibility is to manage the system’s resources and communicate between the hardware and software. Kernel space is allocated for the kernel. Users aren’t able to access this area. Kernel space is generally larger than user space. User space is a memory area where all user mode applications are performed. This memory area is swappable if necessary.

Review week seven lab assignment UNIX/Linux Turnable Parameters Number of users on a system Maximum database size Number of global buffers Number of semaphores (e.g. train track) Set shared memory allocation Display: Kernel Tunable Parameters are located under the /proc/sys directory.

Review week seven lab assignment Buffer cache Amount of memory used to transfer a file system data structure such as inodes, direct blocks, indirect blocks, and cylinder groups. Initially, you want to set up the buffer cache large enough to handle an inode data structure.

Week eighth expected outcomes Upon successful completion of this module, the student will be able to: Create make file scripts for software programs. Use pattern rules in make files. Create an effective PowerPoint presentation. Create make files with multiple targets. Install software packages on a server.

Next Lab Assignment fsck fsck is used to check and optionally repair one or more Linux file systems. If no filesystems are specified on the command line, and the -A option is not specified, fsck will default to checking filesystems in /etc/fstab serial. fsck -A Walk through the /etc/fstab file and tries to check all file systems in one run. This option is typically used by the /etc/rc system initialization file, instead of trying to use multiple commands for checking a single file system.

Next Lab Assignment The exit code returned by fsck is the sum of the following conditions: 0 - No errors 1 - File system errors corrected 2 - System should be rebooted 4 - File system errors left uncorrected 8 - Operational error 16 - Usage or syntax error 32 - fsck canceled by user request Shared library error

Next Lab Assignment /etc/fstab /dev/vg00/root / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode= /dev/vg00/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/vg00/opt /opt ext3 defaults 1 2 none /proc proc defaults 0 0 none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 /dev/vg00/tmp /tmp ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/vg00/usr /usr ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/vg00/var /var ext3 defaults 1 2 /dev/vg00/swap swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom udf,iso9660 noauto,owner,kudzu,ro 0 0 /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy auto noauto,owner,kudzu 0 0 /dev/vg02/shome /export/home ext3 defaults,acl 1 2 #/dev/vg01/oracle /mnt/pkg1/orac ext3 noauto 1 2

Next Lab Assignment /etc/sysconfig authconfig gpm ip6tables-config netdump_id_dsa rawdevices autofs grub iptables-config netdump_id_dsa.pub rhn clock harddisks irqbalance apm-scripts devlabel.d installinfo netdump prelink network sendmail console hwconf keyboard networking syslog crond i18n kudzu network-scripts sysstat devlabel init mouse ntpd xinetd

Next Lab Assignment # inittab This file describes how the INIT process should set up the system in a certain run-level. # Author: Miquel van Smoorenburg, # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are: # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) # 1 - Single user mode # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) # 3 - Full multiuser mode # 4 - unused # 5 - X11 # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) #

Next Lab Assignment id:3:initdefault: # System initialization. si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 0 l1:1:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 1 l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 2 l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 3 l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 4 l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 5 l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/rc 6

Next Lab Assignment # Trap CTRL-ALT-DELETE ca::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t3 -r now # When our UPS tells us power has failed, assume we have a few minutes # of power left. Schedule a shutdown for 2 minutes from now. # This does, of course, assume you have powerd installed and your # UPS connected and working correctly. pf::powerfail:/sbin/shutdown -f -h +2 "Power Failure; System Shutting Down"

Next Lab Assignment # If power was restored before the shutdown kicked in, cancel it. pr:12345:powerokwait:/sbin/shutdown -c "Power Restored; Shutdown Cancelled“

Next Lab Assignment # Run gettys in standard runlevels 1:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty1 2:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty2 3:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty3 ###4:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty4 ###5:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty5 ###6:2345:respawn:/sbin/mingetty tty6 # Run xdm in runlevel 5 x:5:respawn:/etc/X11/prefdm -nodaemon

Next Lab Assignment /etc/rc.d/rc_sysinit Possibly run fsck on “/”. If the root file system wasn’t unmounted properly, it could be corrupted. Remount the root file system (read/write mode). Run fsck on other file systems, then mount them as per /etc/fstab Save the kernel ring buffer. Use dmesg > /var/log/dmesg_output It might be necessary to load kernel modules with modprobe

Next Lab Assignment The Installation Exercise is an exercise that requires following directions. Perform each step in the prescribed sequence and using the installation syntax from this slide presentation. Create an ASCII file named 4 th _log.txt Create the following directory /$HOME/itec400/homework/4 th Download the programming language “forth” Copy compressed “tar” file to your 4 th directory cd /$HOME/itec400/homework/4 th cp ~dandrear/public_html/itec400/Misc/4th-3.3d2-unix.tar.gz. The expected output is an executable file called “4 th ”.

Next Lab Assignment Grading Criteria The size of the file “readme.txt” is recorded in “4th_log” : 0 – 15 points The prerequisites for the target ‘4th’ are recorded in “4th_log”: 0 – 15 points The size of the executable named “4th”, in bytes, is recorded in “4th_log”: 0 – 20 points

Break-out problems 1. Process ID 2. User ID 3. fsck 4. /etc/fstab 5. Turnable parameters 6. Multiuser runlevel (Linux) 7. /boot/vmlinuz-* 8. Single user mode 9. /var/mail/dandrear 10. inode 11. ASCII 12. crond 13. shared memory 14. semaphore 15. /etc/sysconfig

Upcoming deadlines Lab Assignment 6-1, Programming Assignment I is due October 31, Lab Assignment 8-1, Installation Exercise is due November 7, Lab Assignment 8-1, Startup/Shutdown is due November 14. Module 4 is for weeks 6, 7, and 8. Thanksgiving November 25, 2010.

Upcoming deadlines Demonstrate Power Point Presentation Summer2010 Face to Face: Wireshark Summer2010 Online Unix: Secret Maryo

Questions and answers Questions Comments Concerns I am available after this Franklin Live session to discuss any problems and/or concerns regarding the lab assignments