Imperialism in the Far East

Boxer Rebellion: Review 1898: European powers force the Chinese Emperor Guangxu to reform Chinese society 1900: Empress Cixi seizes power -Allows Boxers to spread throughout China -Boxers begin massacring Europeans and Christians -Over 30,000 dead by the end of Europeans intervene to crush rebellion

Empress Cixi, 1902

Aftermath of Rebellion “ The people are afraid of officials, the officials are afraid of foreigners, and the foreigners are afraid of the people" Cixi is allowed to stay in power Some educational reforms are passed Qing Dynasty = weak and unpopular Europeans don’t colonize China completely

Xinhai Revolution 1908: Empress Cixi dies, replaced by her two year old nephew, Puyi : Sun Yat-Sen leads a failed coup - Kuomintang: Nationalist Party (KMT) 1911: Royal Guard joins Revolution against the new Emperor Sun Yat-Sen elected China’s first president Abdicates in favor of Yuan Shikai, an Imperial general

Democracy? 1913: First democratic elections - KMT score huge victory 1915: Yuan proclaims himself Emperor, bans KMT Sun Yat-sen calls for “Second Revolution” Yuan forced to reestablish Republic After Yuan’s death, political fragmentation KMT unifies country in 1928 under Chiang Kai- shek

Chiang Kai-shek & Mao Zedong

Japan

Meiji Restoration Beginning in late 1800’s Change traditional ways to Western ways Military updated No more Samurai Centralized the Japanese government

Rise of Japanese Imperialism Response to European Imperialism Modernization of Economy Government Centralization Nationalism Racism

Japanese Imperial Wars

Sino-Japanese War Japan crushes China Japan establishes protectorate in Korea China cedes Taiwan to Japan Russo-Japanese War Japan annexes Korea, Southern Manchuria Japan gains concessions from Western powers

Co-Prosperity Sphere Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere “Cooperative” effort to rid East Asia of Western influence Replace Western Powers with Japan Japan was the only beneficiary

Document Activity Who wrote this document? What is their point of view? Do you feel this document is accurate? Why or why not? What does this document tell you about Japanese modernization? What does this document tell you about the rise of Japanese imperialism?

Document Activity, Part II Imagine you are the leaders of Country X. Your country is fairly well-off, but you lack modern infrastructure, a modern economy, and a modern governmental system. Your country is very isolated both politically and economically. Recently, several imperial powers have created colonies in your region. These powers have been putting pressure on you to open your country up to foreign trade and investment. You have been doing research on the history of Japan, which faced an almost identical situation a century ago. Based on the documents you have, evaluate Japan’s actions. As leaders of Country X, would you follow’s Japan’s model? Why or why not? What you would do differently?

Southeast Asia

French Indo-China Modern day Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia Reasons - Counter British holdings in India - Path to China - Source of Resources - “Civilize” indigenous people