Cell Organelles DNA Replication Mitosis & Cell Cycle Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

The organelle that makes ribosome

Nucleolus

Three organelles that plant cells would have that animal cells wouldn’t

Cell Wall Central Vacuole Chloroplast

The “highway system” of the cell

Endoplasmic reticulum

Genetic material (DNA) is found in this organelle

Nucleus

Reason why cells must divide

Nutrient supply across the cell membrane can not keep up with nutrient demand of a larger cell

What does DNA stands for? And What shape does DNA take?

Deoxyribonucleic acid Double Helix

The three parts that make up DNA and the small segments of DNA are called what? ______________________

Sugar, Phosphate and Bases Gene

Provide names to 4 bases found in DNA and indicate their pairing partners.

A (adenine), T (Thymine), C (Cytocine), G (guanine) A with T; C with G Note : if one of your DNA strands has the following sequence…. ATTAAGCA What would be the complimentary strand?

Most of the time DNA exists in the nucleus in the form of what ? ___________________

Chromatin

How is the message for a protein (to be made) carried from the nucleus to the ribosome?

The DNA message for a specific protein is copied into RNA which leaves through nuclear pore and delivered message to the ribosome

The longest stage of the cell cycle?______________ What occurs during that phase? (provide 3 reasons)

Interphase: -growth and preparation -DNA replication continued growth and preparation (including copy organelles and making proteins)

Draw sister Chromatids. Make sure to label the centromere. What do the two sister chromatids have in common

Sister chromatids are replicated chromosomes. They are identical copies of DNA

Q1:What Phase of mitosis is occurring in the diagram below? Q2: Explain what is happening in the phase above.

The sister chromatids are being ripped apart at he centromere and move to the opposite sides of the cell

Q: If you started out with 365 chromosomes in the parent cell, how many chromosomes would each of the daughter cells have

365

Q:What occurs during metaphase?

Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell

The process by which one cell divides into two new cells

Mitosis

Q:Which of the following is not a type of asexual reproduction? Spore formation, gamete formation, binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction?

Gamete formation

Q: What type of asexual reproduction is occurring in the diagram found below?

Binary fission

Phase of cell division that is not really part of mitosis

Cytokinesis

Stage during which chromatids replicate to produce chromosomes

Interphase

Q: The sperm & egg are referred to as… Q: How many chromosomes will an egg or sperm cell have if the parent cell had 46 chromosomes? It is described as _____________ (haploid/ or deploid)

Gametes, 23 chromosomes, haploid

A pair of matching chromosomes are said to be …

Homologous

Q: What stage of meiosis is occurring in the picture found below? Q: Referring to the picture above, what has lined up along the equator? Q: What can occur during meiosis

Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes, crossing over

Why meiosis is required for sexual reproduction

Haploid gametes combine to form a normal diploid zygote.

What is the difference between Anaphase I and Anaphase II?

Anaphase I: homologous chromosome pairs are pulled away from each other towards opposite ends of the cell Anaphase II: sister chromatids are split apart at the centromere and move to the opposite pole.

Q:What are two advantages of asexual reproduction? What is the major advantage of sexual reproduction?

Asexual Reproduction: 1. Genetically identical offspring 2. lots of offspring can be reproduced quickly Sexual Reproduction: Genetic diversity