Atomic Parity Violation in Francium

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Presentation transcript:

Atomic Parity Violation in Francium FrPNC @ TRIUMF Atomic Parity Violation in Francium Seth Aubin College of William and Mary PANIC 2011 Conference, MIT

FrPNC collaboration S. Aubin (College of William and Mary) J. A. Behr, K. P. Jackson, M. R. Pearson (TRIUMF) V. V. Flambaum (U. of New South Wales, Australia) E. Gomez (U. Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico) G. Gwinner, R. Collister (U. of Manitoba) D. Melconian (Texas A&M) L. A. Orozco, J. Zhang (U. of Maryland at College Park) G. D. Sprouse (SUNY Stony Brook) Y. Zhao (Shanxi U., China) Funding

Atomic Parity Violation: Basic Processes Z0 e- N  W,Z0 exchange in nucleus  N N Standard Electromagnetic Interaction (parity conserving) Z0 exchange Electron-Nucleon PNC (nuclear spin-independent) Intra-nuclear PNC Anapole moment (nuclear spin-dependent)

PNC PNC Atomic Parity Violation: Basic Processes   Z0 W,Z0 exchange in nucleus PNC PNC  N N Standard Electromagnetic Interaction (parity conserving) Z0 exchange Electron-Nucleon PNC (nuclear spin-independent) Intra-nuclear PNC Anapole moment (nuclear spin-dependent)

Nuclear Spin-Independent PNC Motivation 1: Nuclear Spin-Independent PNC e- N Z0 Z0 exchange Electron-Nucleon PNC (nuclear spin-independent) Ae The Hamiltonian for this interaction: (infinitely heavy nucleon approximation) G = Fermi constant = 10-5/mp2 Proton: Neutron: VN [Standard Model values for 1, (p,n)]

Nuclear Spin-Independent PNC Motivation 1: Nuclear Spin-Independent PNC e- nucleons Z0 Ae VN For a nucleus with Z protons and N neutrons: Qweak = weak charge of nucleus  -N = 2(1,p Z + 1,n N) Z0 exchange Electron-Nucleons PNC (nuclear spin-independent)

Testing and Probing the Weak Interaction Motivation 1: Testing and Probing the Weak Interaction Parity Violation = Unique Probe of Weak Interaction Atomic PNC (APV) experiments test and constrain the Standard Model

Testing and Probing the Weak Interaction Motivation 1: Testing and Probing the Weak Interaction Parity Violation = Unique Probe of Weak Interaction Atomic PNC (APV) experiments test and constrain the Standard Model [figure by G. Gwinner, adapted from Erler et al. Phys. Rev. D 72, 073003 (2005)] Weak mixing angle [figure from Young et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 122003 (2007)] Effective e--quark couplings C1u & C1d

relativistic enhancement factor Atomic PNC  Electron wavefunction does not have a definite parity !!!  Parity forbidden transitions become possible (slightly) !!! 18 Francium advantage: relativistic enhancement factor

Nuclear Spin-Dependent PNC Motivation 2: Nuclear Spin-Dependent PNC e- N  W,Z0 exchange in nucleus Intra-nuclear PNC Anapole moment e- e- e- N  Z0 Ve Ae Z0 AN VN N N Z0 exchange Electron-Nucleon PNC (vector) (axial) Hyperfine Interaction + NSI - Z0 exchange (nuclear spin-dependent)

What’s an Anapole Moment ? Answer: Electromagnetic moment produced by a toroidal current.  Time-reversal conserving.  PNC toroidal current.  Localized moment, contact interaction. [A. Weis, U. Fribourg (2003)]

Nuclear Anapole Moment Motivation 2: Nuclear Anapole Moment e- N  W,Z0 exchange in nucleus Anapole moment For heavy atoms, the anapole moment term dominates.

Nuclear Anapole Moment Motivation 2: Nuclear Anapole Moment e- N  W,Z0 exchange in nucleus Anapole moment For heavy atoms, the anapole moment term dominates.

Nuclear Anapole Moment Motivation 2: Nuclear Anapole Moment e- N  W,Z0 exchange in nucleus Anapole moment For heavy atoms, the anapole moment term dominates. characterize the nucleon-nucleus weak potential.

Isovector & Isoscalar Nucleon Couplings Motivation 2: Isovector & Isoscalar Nucleon Couplings Cs anapole (Boulder) and low-energy nuclear PNC measurements produce conflicting constraints on weak meson-nucleon couplings. (Desplanques, Donoghue, and Holstein model) Need to understand nuclear structure better. [Haxton et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 045502 (2002) and 6Li(n,) from Vesna Phys. Rev. C 77, 035501 (2008)] Measure anapole in a string of Fr isotopes

Isovector & Isoscalar Nucleon Couplings Motivation 2: Isovector & Isoscalar Nucleon Couplings Cs anapole (Boulder) and low-energy nuclear PNC measurements produce conflicting constraints on weak meson-nucleon couplings. (Desplanques, Donoghue, and Holstein model) Francium isotopes provide orthogonal constraints !!! N=even N=odd [Haxton et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 045502 (2002) and 6Li(n,) from Vesna Phys. Rev. C 77, 035501 (2008)] [Behr and Gwinner, J. Phys. G 36, 033101 (2009)]

Atomic PNC Experiments in Francium FrPNC program: Atomic PNC Experiments in Francium Fr is the heaviest of the simple (alkali atoms).  Electronic structure is well understood.  Particle/nuclear physics can be reliably extracted. Fr has large (relatively) PNC mixing.  PNC ~ 10-10 is still really really small … we’re going to need a lot of Fr. Fr does not exist sufficiently in nature. + dipole trap

Excitation to continuum Atomic PNC in Fr (NSI) Excitation to continuum (ionization) 506 nm 718 nm 817 nm 1.3 m 1.7 m EStark k Fr atoms (trapped) BDC Amplification by Stark Interference Statistical Sensitivity: M1 is strongly suppressed.

Anapole Moment in Fr New Method: Anapole can be measured by driving a parity forbidden E1 transition between two hyperfine states with F=1, mF=1. /2 pulse preparation: the atoms are prepared in a 50/50 superposition of the initial and final states (equivalent to interference amplification) before application of the microwave driving E-field. E1PNC M1

Anapole Moment in Fr New Method: Anapole can be measured by driving a parity forbidden E1 transition between two hyperfine states with F=1, mF=1. /2 pulse preparation: the atoms are prepared in a 50/50 superposition of the initial and final states (equivalent to interference amplification) before application of the microwave driving E-field. E1PNC M1

Anapole Moment in Fr New Method: Anapole can be measured by driving a parity forbidden E1 transition between two hyperfine states with F=1, mF=1. /2 pulse preparation: the atoms are prepared in a 50/50 superposition of the initial and final states (equivalent to interference amplification) before application of the microwave driving E-field. E1PNC M1 for Emicrowave~0.5 kV/cm and 106 atoms. [E. Gomez et al., Phys. Rev. A 75, 033418 (2007)]

Simulating Fr Anapole with Rb 180 ms coherence time in blue-detuned dipole trap (/2 pulse with Rb) [Data by D. Sheng (Orozco Group, U. of Maryland)] Simulating the PNC Interference APNC simulated with 10-4 M1 transition

FrPNC: Current Status Present: Construction of an on-line, shielded laser laboratory at TRIUMF with 100 db RF suppression. Fall 2011: (14 shifts in December) Installation of high efficiency MOT (from U. of Maryland). 2012: Physics starts !!! Hyperfine anomaly (Pearson), 7S-8S M1 (Gwinner), Anapole (Orozco), optical PNC (Gwinner), …

FrPNC collaboration S. Aubin (College of William and Mary) J. A. Behr, K. P. Jackson, M. R. Pearson (TRIUMF) V. V. Flambaum (U. of New South Wales, Australia) E. Gomez (U. Autonoma de San Luis Potosi, Mexico) G. Gwinner, R. Collister (U. of Manitoba) D. Melconian (Texas A&M) L. A. Orozco, J. Zhang (U. of Maryland at College Park) G. D. Sprouse (SUNY Stony Brook) Y. Zhao (Shanxi U., China) Funding