1 What is Physics? Describes everything around us using a few basic concepts, equations, and assumptions. Includes any problem that deals with temperature, size, motion, position, shape, or color. Major areas: Mechanics = motion; thermodynamics = heat and temperature; Wave phenomena = vibration & sound; optics = light; electromagnetism = duh; relativity = moving particles/objects at any speed including high speed

Math and Measurements -All the stuff before we get to the real physics 2

We will use the… SI (Systeme International) There are 7 Basic units from which all others are derived: 3

For now, we will only focus on… ____________, ___________, ___________ So, what are the English equivalents of these measurements? 4

The $125 million mistake In 1999, the Mars Climate orbiter burned up in Mars’ atmosphere because of a mistake with units. It was discovered that one team was using English units (feet, pounds, etc) while the other was using metric units when performing a maneuver to put the spacecraft into orbit about Mars. 5

Used as a way to simplify the writing of very large and very small numbers. 500 ________________ , ________________ 6

Used as an easy way to compare numbers 5.0 x 10 4 is about ________ larger than 4.5 x 10 2 OR It is ______________ larger - way of estimating sizes 10 = 10 1 = _______ 100 = 10 2 = ______ 1000 = 10 3 = ______ Orders of Magnitude 7

8 No Measurement is Perfect! Two factors are used to describe the imperfection: Accuracy= how close a measurement is to the accepted value Precision=the degree of exactness of a measurement Confidence intervals or limits are used to show the degree of uncertainty. Ex: 45.3 ± 0.8 or 45.3 ± 0.1 Which is more precise?

Tells us accuracy of measurements made Find the area of the box with correct significant figures. 16.3cm 4.5cm Answer can only have the number of S.F as your _____________ __________ when multiplying or dividing terms. 9

When added or subtracted, the number of decimal places in the result should equal the smallest number of decimal places of any term in the sum g g _____ g 10

Zeros – Zeroes that are used only to position the decimal point are not significant. ex x Remember the Atlantic/Pacific Rule? 11

How many sig figs are in the following: 1.30 x x 10 5 Do the following calculations to the correct number of sig figs x 5.0 1,250 x 1, x x

Powers of 10 13

1 μm = m 1 mm = m 1 cm = m 1 km = 10 3 m 1 m = 10 6 μm 1 m = 10 3 mm 1 m = 10 2 cm 1 m = km Applying prefixes to meters we get: Both tables represent the SAME information 14

Ex. Convert 3 days into seconds. Ex. Convert 18 km into centimeters. 15

Approximating Sizes The length of the room is approximately: 15 mm 15 cm 15 m 15 km The mass of a physics textbook is approx: 10 3 kg 10 1 kg 10 0 kg kg 16

Graphing x-axis : independent variable (thing you are changing) y-axis : dependent variable (thing you are measuring or seeing if it changes) scale : make sure each line on the graph paper represents the same increment (ex. 1 kg or 2 cm) and fills the page Labels : make sure that each axis has an appropriate label and units. 17

In an experiment you measure the effect of changing the mass hung from a spring to the distance the spring stretches. You record the following data Graph the following data include a line of best fit (trend line) find the slope of the line. 18

As a motorcycle starts from rest, you measure the distance it has traveled (in meters) after each second. Graph the effect of distance vs. time Include a line of best fit. 19