Animal Behavior

The output of animals can trigger simple and complex behaviors BIG IDEA The output of animals can trigger simple and complex behaviors

Behavior The sum of responses to external in and internal stimulus

Behavior Responses Behavior Responses Fixed patterns Behavior Rhythms Oriented Movement

Fixed Patterns

Oriented Movement Kinesis: A change in response rate to stimulus Taxis: Movement towards positive or negative stimulus Migration: Change in location

Behavior Rhythms Circadian Rhythms Linked to periods of activity and rest

Animal Signal and Communication Visual Chemical  Pheromones : Common in mammals linked to reproductive behavior Tactile Auditory

Proximate Vs. Ultimate Causation Proximate causation refers to how an animals behavior is modified Ultimate causation refers why the behavior occurs due to natural selection in environment

Animal Behavior

What do we know about Animal Behavior? Animals modify their behavior based on environmental condition. The modification of behaviors trigger simple and complex processes. BUT how do animals learn this behaviors. . . . .

Big Idea Behavior is linked to learning experiences.

Forms of Learning Habituation Imprinting Cognitive Maps Spatial Learning

Habituation Loss of responsiveness to the environment.

Imprinting Long-lasting behavior that takes places during a certain period of life.

Spatial Learning & Cognitive Maps Memory that reflects spatial structure. Spatial relationships between organisms and their surroundings

Associative Learning Classical: Arbitrary object with outcome Operant: Trial and error learning

Social Learning Cognitive and Problem Solving: Being aware of the information and processing Development of learned behaviors: Takes place over a long period of time

What do we know about Animal Behavior? Animals modify their behavior based on environmental condition. The modification of behaviors trigger simple and complex processes. Behavior is linked to learning experiences. But can behavior be linked to inheritance?

BIG IDEA Genetics and environment are linked to behavior Nature Vs. Nurture

Experience and Behavior Environmental: Cross-Fostering Behavior California Mice

Regulatory Genes and Behavior Genes are link to controlling behavior. Fru gene in Fruit Flies control mating behaviors

Behavior Variation in Natural Populations Migratory pattern genetically inherited Bananna Slugs is a genetically acquired taste

Variation in a single locus Amount of vasopressin expressed in meadow voles determines the bond formed with the offspring

TEST Questions The fru gene in fruit flies A. control sex-specific development in the fruit fly. B. is a master regulatory gene that directs expression of many other genes C. can be genetically manipulated in females so that they will perform male sex behaviors D. programs males for appropriate courtship behaviors E. all of the above A guinea pig squeals every time the refrigerator doo is opens. What term best applies to this behavior? A. Sign stimulus B. Cognition C. Imprinting D. Classical conditioning E. Operant conditions The Law Conservation of Matter states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. Matter is cycled through the earth and undergoes transformations so that it can be utilized by various abiotic and biotic factors. Which of the following are true statements regarding the carbon cycle? I. It has increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, causing global warming II. It involves photosynthetic processes III. It leads to the reduction of aquatic biomass A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I, II and III only