12.2 DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Gas Mixtures Daltons Law Gas Mixtures--Partial Pressure So far: pure gases Many gases are actually mixtures of two or more gases: – air: O 2, N 2, H.

Advertisements

CHEMISTRY Wednesday/Thursday April 25 th -26 th, 2012.

Three More Laws. A. Ideal Gas Law The 4 th variable that considers the amount of gas in the system is P 1 V 1 T 1 n = P 2 V 2 T 2 n Equal volumes of gases.

Ideal Gas Law. What is the Ideal Gas Law? An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and.

Molar Mass (M) and Density (d) of Gases

Reading for Tuesday: Chapter Reading for Tuesday: Chapter Homework 11.1 – Due Tuesday 4/14/15 Homework 11.1 – Due Tuesday 4/14/15 Chapter.

NOTES: 14.4 – Dalton’s Law & Graham’s Law

Partial Pressure Problems. Vocabulary Used in Partial Pressure Problems 1. Partial Pressure- The pressure of each gas in a mixture. 2. Dalton’s Law- The.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures Chapter 11 – Section 2 - Physical Characteristics of Gases.

Ideal Gases. Now that we know how gases behave when we manipulate P, V, and T, it’s time to start thinking about how to deal with things like moles and.

Applications of the Ideal Gas Law. Density, Molar Mass, Molar Volume Molar volumeDensityMolar mass UnitL/molg/Lg/mol Meaning Volume/amountMass/volumeMass/amount.

The Combined Gas Law Expresses the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature of a fixed amount of gas. PV/T = k or P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 Charles’

Gas Notes I. Let’s look at some of the Nature of Gases: 1. Expansion – gases do NOT have a definite shape or volume. 2. Fluidity – gas particles glide.

Learning about the special behavior of gases

III. Ideal Gas Law Gases Gases. V n A. Avogadro’s Principle b Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of moles at constant temp & pressure true for.

CHEMISTRY THE BEHAVIOR OF GASES. VARIABLES THAT DESCRIBE A GAS Compressibility: a measure of how much the volume of matter decreases under pressure.

IDEAL GASES. WHAT VARIABLES DO WE USE TO MEASURE GASES? PRESSURE (P) VOLUME (V) TEMPERATURE (T) MOLES OF GAS (n)

1 Partial Pressure Pressure of individual gases in a mixture.

1 CHAPTER 11 Gases and their Properties. 2 Density Comparison The density of gases is much less than that of solids or liquids: compoundSolid density.

Gas Laws Fundmentals KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY  KMT is a model to explain the behavior of gaseous particles and is based on.

GAS LAWS Chapter 10.

Chapter 11: Gases. © 2009, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Characteristics of Gases Unlike liquids and solids, gases – expand to fill their containers; – are highly.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure  John Dalton responsible for atomic theory responsible for atomic theory also studied gas mixtures also studied gas.

Ideal Gas Law & Gas Stoichiometry

III. Ideal Gas Law Gases. PV T VnVn PV nT A. Ideal Gas Law = k UNIVERSAL GAS CONSTANT R= L  atm/mol  K R=8.315 dm 3  kPa/mol  K = R You don’t.

Ideal Gas Law (Equation):

Learning Log b Why are you advised to open windows slightly if a tornado approaches?

JEOPARDY REVIEW The Gas Laws.

I. The Gas Laws Ch Gases. A. Boyle’s Law b The pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related at constant mass & temp P V P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2.

Chapters 10 and 11: Gases Chemistry Mrs. Herrmann.

The Ideal Gas Law. The Perfect Gas Ideal gas – an imaginary gas whose particles are infinitely small and do not interact with each other No gas obeys.

Section 13.2 Using Gas Laws to Solve Problems. Section 13.2 Using Gas Laws to Solve Problems 1.To understand the ideal gas law and use it in calculations.

III. Ideal Gas Law (p , ) Ch. 10 & 11 - Gases.

Just add them up! 200 kPa500 kPa400 kPa1100 kPa ++=

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE

Ideal Gas Law & Gas Mixtures. Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT Where n = the number of moles R is the Ideal Gas Constant The ideal gas law can be.

III. Ideal Gas Law and Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure Gases.

Additional Gas Laws. Graham’s Law b Diffusion Spreading of gas molecules throughout a container until evenly distributed. b Effusion Passing of gas molecules.

Note: You must memorize STP and the gas laws!!. The Kinetic Molecular Theory states that gas particles are ____________ and are separated from one another.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures All gases are equal Suppose a flask contains 1.0 mole of Cl 2 which has a pressure of 1.0 atm. Another flask contains.

1 Chapter 11 Gases Partial Pressure (Dalton’s Law) Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Partial Pressure Problems. Vocabulary Used in Partial Pressure Problems 1. Partial Pressure- The pressure of each gas in a mixture. 2. Dalton’s Law- The.

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure

Gas Mixtures Because the gas laws apply to ideal gases, they also apply to gas mixtures. Laws frequently used: Ideal gas law Dalton’s Law for partial pressures.

Warm-up 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)  2H 2 O (g) How many liters of water will be produced from 300 grams of Oxygen gas if Hydrogen gas is in excess? (at STP)

Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT P= pressure (atm) V= volume (L)

Ideal Gases. Ideal Gas vs. Real Gas Gases are “most ideal”… at low P & high T in nonpolar atoms/molecules Gases are “real”… Under low T & high P when.

Ch. 10 & 11 - Gases Ideal Gas Law C. Johannesson.

1. 2 Partial Pressure Pressure of individual gases in a mixture.

Charles’ Law V 1 = V 2 T 1 T 2 Volume is directly proportional to temp (Pressure constant) Boyle’s Law P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 Pressure is inversely proportional.

Page 79 and 81 of INB. Essential question: Why must scientist’s account for water vapor when they collect gases by water displacement?

Gases. The Nature of Gases  1. Gases have mass –A car tire weighs more with air in it than it would completely empty.  2. It is easy to compress a gas.

Ideal Gas Law Ch. 10 & 11 - Gases. V n A. Avogadro’s Principle b Equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of moles at constant temp & pressure true.

GAS LAWS Boyle’s Charles’ Gay-Lussac’s Combined Gas Ideal Gas Dalton’s Partial Pressure.

More Gas Laws and Concepts. Measuring Pressure with a Barometer.

Counting Gas Particles Glenn V. Lo Department of Physical Sciences Nicholls State University.

Dalton ’ s Law of Partial Pressures Learning Goals … … use Dalton’s Law to find the partial pressure of a gas... use Dalton’s Law of Partial pressures.

U NIT 5: G ASES AND A TMOSPHERIC C HEMISTRY Combined Gas Laws.

III. Ideal Gas Law.

Guy-Lussac’s Law P1 / T1 = P2 / T2

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Molar Volume; Gas Density

Objectives To understand the ideal gas law and use it in calculations

CHAPTER 13 – GASES PRESSURE – Force per unit area

11.9 Tro's Introductory Chemistry, Chapter 11.

Ch Gases III. Ideal Gas Law.

Partial Pressures of Gases

Partial Pressures.

Presentation transcript:

12.2 DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES

CONTEXT We have looked at how P, T, V are connected We know the ideal gas law: PV=nRT We haven’t really discussed mixtures of gases If there is a mixture, how much of the total pressure is due to each gas?

In a mixture of non-reacting gases Each gas particle behaves independently Particles spread themselves out to occupy the space available

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURES The total pressure of a mixture of non-reacting gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases (the sum of the pressures that each gas would exert if it were alone). Ptot = P1 + P2 + P3 + …

Partial Pressures of Atmospheric Gases Air consists of a mixture of gases: N2 = 78.08% O2 = 20.95% Ar = 0.93 % CO2 = 0.03% If Standard atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa, determine the partial pressure of each gas. P N2 = 79.11 kPa P O2 = 21.23 kPa P Ar = 0.94 kPa P CO2 = 0.03 kPa PT = PN2 + PO2 + Par + PC02 PT ≅ 101.325 kPa

Gas Collection over Water Gases can be collected by the downward displacement of water The gas collected is a mixture of the desired gas and water. This partial pressure of water vapour will be a component of the total pressure To find the partial pressure of the desired gas, the vapour pressure of water must be subtracted. The partial pressure of water vapour depends on the temperature of the water

Gas Collection over Water Hydrogen gas from the reaction of Zinc with hydrochloric acid was collected by the displacement of water. Atmospheric conditions were 100.5 kPa and 20˚C. Determine the partial pressure of hydrogen gas. Ptot = Patm = PH2 + PH2O PH2 = Patm - PH2O = 100.5 kPa - 2.3 kPa = 98.2 kPa

EXAMPLE Oxygen gas is collected over water at 297 K and an atmospheric pressure of 1.0 atm. The volume of gas is 128 mL. Calculate the mass of O2 obtained. Hint: Water vapour at 297 K is 3 kPa. T = 297 K PT = 1.0 atm = 101.325 kPa PH2O = 3 kPa V = 128 mL = 0.128 L m = ? 1. PT = PO2 + PH2O PO2 = 101.325 kPa – 3 kPa PO2 = 98.325 kPa 2. PV =nRT n = PV / RT n = (98.325)(0.128)/(8.314)(297) n = 5.10 x 10-3 mol 3. m = n x M m = (5.10 x 10-3)(32.00) m = 0.16 g

Homework P. 460 # 22 -25 Worksheet