Beginning of the War NO GUIDED NOTES THIS CHAPTER, NOTEBOOK CHECK ON WEDNESDAY, MUST TAKE NOTES A New Kind of War –Main Ideas: What are the military advantages and disadvantages of both the Union and Confederacy? What changes ion warfare took place during the civil war? Why did North think it would be a short war? What was the importance of the border states? –Do Now: Packet page 2 read the Biography on Robert E. Lee and answer the questions, answer the 2 questions with the political cartoon. –Topics: Start of the War Advantages and disadvantages Border States War strategy

Lincoln Calls out Militia –Called for 75,000 militia for 90 day service –Most believed the war would be short Southern states refused Southern states secede rather than fight against Southerners Robert E Lee chose to lead the CSA army instead of the US Army Virginia April Arkansas May North Carolina May Tennessee May

V i r g i n i a M a r y l a n d Mason Dixon Line Maryland was very important to the United States Arrested all pro-southern lawmakers Maryland Legislature then voted on whether to secede Maryland voted to stay in Union

North vs South Strengths Union 22 million people Most mineral, factory and naval resources Abraham Lincoln – convinced north of need to fight to save democracy and union Confederacy 9 million people Had better and experienced generals Were on defensive – shorter supply lines, more motivation (defending their homes)

North vs South Strategy Union Conquer south and return them to Union Conquer South by destroying economy –capture Mississippi river and blockade coast Confederacy Only needed to outlast north Avoid large battles and hope north tire of fighting South withheld cotton from world –Hoped to force Britain and France to ally with CSA There was too much cotton in 1861 –Europe didn’t need CSA cotton –CSA plan to get Europe to join war failed

Rating the North & the South

Slave/Free States Population, 1861

Railroad Lines, 1860

Resources: North & the South

The Union & Confederacy in 1861

Men Present for Duty in the Civil War

Ohio Military Service

Soldiers’ Occupations: North/South Combined

Immigrants as a % of a State’s Population in 1860

Decisive Victory Strategy Union Decisive Victory needed to destroy Confederate army to win Confederacy Decisive Victory needed to ruin north’s fighting spirit and impress Europeans to join war Resulted in large battles with high numbers of casualties

Beginning of War North unprepared -- no experience with guns or horses South had been preparing No standard uniform – caused confusion as to who was fighting

Women in the War Women joined to cook and take care of men Women passed as men to fight in the war Women served as nurses Worked farms and businesses at home Clara Barton Served as a nurse during war Created aid society to support soldiers Elizabeth Blackwell Created Soldiers Aid Society Inspected health conditions of hospitals in war

Anaconda Plan Winfield Scott’s plan to strangle South with blockade and land invasions Designed to have a quick war

Naval War Union blockaded the South As war continued blockade became more effective USS Monitor vs. CSS Virginia (Merrimack) Both were iron clad ships Battle was a draw

Emancipation Proclamation Frees all slaves in REBELLING states on January 1, 1863 Old South will be destroyed and replaced with new values

Emancipation Proclamation Why does Lincoln free slaves in South not the North? Freeing slaves in South seen as military action As Commander in Chief (head of military) Lincoln can take military actions Can’t free slaves in north because of Constitution Government can’t take property without due process

1 Emancipation Proclamation does NOT abolish ALL slavery in US Why Not? –Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri might secede –Lincoln hoped Confederate states would stop fighting and return to the Union

Does Lincoln have authority to make Emancipation Proclamation? No Confederates created an independent nation Lincoln has no more authority to pass laws in the CSA than he does to pass laws in Canada Yes US is fighting an internal civil war –Lincoln keeps authority over the south If it is a civil war –European nations are not allowed to join the war –North should not blockade the South

Black Americans Join Up Emancipation Proclamation also allows blacks into US Army Fought under white commanders and had unequal pay and duties Used them for support work 54 th Massachusetts – Glory

Fired after Antietam for not pursuing Lee General McClellan General Burnside Fired after Fredericksburg for losing to Lee General Hooker Fired after Chancellorsville for losing to Lee Union Generals General Meade given control of Union Army

Union losses decrease the North’s will to fight North cannot get enough volunteers for it’s army Congress implements a draft Draft Riots in NY northerners opposed to being forced into fighting –Copperheads –Northern Democrats who want peace with South

Summer 1863 Lee goes north again --- Out of supplies --- Wanted to force peace Blue Ridge Mountains

Pender Heth Buford Confederates attack Buford’s Cavalry at Cemetery Hill near Gettysburg

Pickett’s Charge 15,000 Confederate soldiers attack Union positions Confederates make it to Ridge, but are driven back

Gettysburg marks the “high water” point of the Confederacy Gettysburg is the turning point of the Civil War Confederates never go on the offensive again Meade does not pursue Lee

Gettysburg Address Lincoln gives speech at dedication of a military cemetery in Gettysburg States that the Union is fighting to save democracy for the World

Gettysburg Address “It is … for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us … that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain --- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom --- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”

Battle of Vicksburg Union wanted to divide South at Mississippi River Union had total control except Vicksburg MS and New Orleans Grant wins and gets complete control of Mississippi for Union

Total War Sherman’s March to the Sea –Begins September 1864 –Sherman led his army from Tennessee to Atlanta Destroy not only army of enemy but homes, factories, farms – wanted to destroy the will of the people to fight Sherman used total war on his march to the sea “We are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and young, rich and poor, feel the hard hand of war.”

Lee becomes surrounded in Virginia Decides to surrender to Grant on April Appomattox Courthouse Grant accepts Lee’s surrender Terms are generous – soldiers kept homes, horses, land and were given food

Assassination of Lincoln John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at Fords theater in Washington DC Booth was captured and killed Lincoln died on April 15, 1865 First President to be assassinated People who helped Booth escape were executed

Results of the Civil War Casualties of the War Slaves were freed Nation is more important than States People start identifying themselves as American Manufacturing and Industrial industries expanded during and after the war

Results of the Civil War Income tax created to pay for war Federal Government grew in size and power Land for Homesteads in West Transcontinental Railroads State Universities were created