Protein Synthesis Computer Filename: Protsyna.ppt

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Protein Synthesis Computer Filename: Protsyna.ppt Material for Introductory Microbiology

Overview Genes are composed of DNA within the chromosome Genes code for proteins DNA is transcripted into RNA RNA is translated into protein by ribosomes Genes regulated by control of RNA production

Lecture Outline Protein synthesis tRNA structure adding amino acids to tRNA ribosome structure ribosome attachment protein synthesis :initiation, elongation, attachment

Concepts from OAC Structure & Function of DNA & RNA Genetic code Transcription & translation Protein synthesis

Background Terms & Concepts Structure of DNA & RNA Ribosomes Enzymes

CODONS sequences of three adjacent nucleotides that code for one amino acid or polypetide termination 64 codons encrypt of ~ 20 amino acids degenerate ACU, ACC,ACA, ACG threonine Start codon AUG (also codes for methionine) Stop codon UAA,UAG,UGA (nonsense codons)

Interpreting the Genetic Code Two step process :Transcription -translation Transcription DNA --> RNA Translation RNA--> protein

Transcription Production of an RNA copy of the gene occurs in nucleus DNA unravels- single strand RNA Polymerase binds to Promotor site Reads to stop codon assembles complementary single strand of RNA (primary RNA) Disengages when reaches stop codon

Ribosomal RNA called rRNA found in Ribosomes catalytic site provides site for protein assembly ribosomal structure different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Prokaryotic ribosome 70S large ribosomal subunit 50S 1,600,000 34 proteins 5S RNA 120 nucleotides 23S RNA 2900 nucleotides Small ribosomal subunit 30S 900,000 21 proteins 16s RNA 1540 nucleotides

Eukaryotic ribosome 80 S 4,200,000 large subunit 60S 2,800,000 49 proteins 5s RNA 120 nucleotides 28s RNA 4700 nuclotides 5.8 s RNA 160 nuclotides Small subunit 40S 1,400,000 33 proteins 18s RNA 1900 nuclotides

Transfer RNA called tRNA Smaller than mRNA or rRNA found in cytoplasm 40 different kinds of tRNA transports amino acids to ribosome positions amino acids on elongating polypeptide

tRNA

tRNA

tRNA Activating Enzymes Specific for each type of tRNA called tRNA synthetase binds to specific amino acid binds to specific nucleotides in tRNA covalently crosslinks amino acid to free 0H water is lost

Large Ribosomal Subunit Two tRNA binding sites

Polysomes

Ribosomes on Rough ER

EM of Ribosomes

Protein Synthesis Formation of an initiation complex Chain elongation Chain termination

Concept Map:Protein Synthesis

Initiation of Protein Synthesis

Initiation 2

Initiation 3

Initiation 4

Internal Ribosome Entry Sequences PicroRNA viruses cleave eIF4g and use IRES

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