oncogene, anti-oncogene and growth factor The biochemistry and molecular biology department of CMU
Relationship of oncogene, anti-oncogene and growth factor
§1 Oncogene
Oncogenes are cellular genes that can trigger uncontrolled cell proliferation if their sequence is altered or their expression is incorrectly regulated.
A gene found in viruses or as part of the normal genome that is involved in triggering cancerous characteristics. Control the cell growth and cell differentiation. virus oncogene (v-onc) and cellular- oncogene (c-onc) or proto-oncogene
Virus- oncogene (v-onc) Genes are in viruses that can cause tumors in vivo and transform the cell in vitro.
In 1910, Peyton Rous found the first retrovirus in a chickens filtrated sarcoma. Rous got the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine in 1966.
Cellular Oncogene (c-onc) Genes are in static or low-level expression state in normal cells under the normal situation and play an important role in maintaining the normal function of cells.
Category and major product of cellular oncogene 1. src family — tyrosine protein kinase 2. ras familiy — P21（GTPase activity） 3. myc familiy — intranuclear DNA binding protein 4. sis familiy — P28 (similar platelet derived growth factor) 5. myb familiy — intranuclear transcription factor
Product and Function of Proto-oncogene Extracellular growth factors Transmembrane growth factor receptors Intracellular signal transduction proteins Intranuclear transcription factors
Mechanisms of Oncogene Activation Obtaining promoter or enhancer Group translocation or chromosome rearrangements Proto-oncogene amplification Gene mutation
familiar human growth factor Principal resource Primary function EGF Submaxillary gland, kidney, duodenal gland EPO HGF Placenta kidney IFN- γ Activated TH1 and NK cells IGF Placent, primarily liver, plasm NGF Neur, submaxillary gland PDGF Platelets,endothelial cells,placenta TGFα Tumor cell, transforming cell, placenta TGFβ Activated TH1 cells(T-helper) and natural killer(NK) cells VEGF Smooth muscle, tumor