CS 206 Introduction to Computer Science II 09 / 11 / 2009 Instructor: Michael Eckmann

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Today’s Topics More Java Review (ArrayList, FileIO, etc.)‏

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Rewrite TextBook w/ generics Recall that the compareTo method took in a reference to an Object as a parameter. We always passed a TextBook into it, and it had to be cast to a TextBook. If we accidentally passed a non-TextBook into it, the program would still compile but would cause a runtime error. With generics, we can write it so that it is designed to only have a TextBook passed into it. If we accidentally passed a non- TextBook into it, the error will now be caught at compile-time.

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Java review – ArrayList The ArrayList class in Java API is used to store object references in a dynamic (changing size) array type structure. You do not need to know how big your ArrayList will get, you can add references to it and it will change size. add(Object o) adds an object to the end of the list add(int idx, Object o) adds an object to the specific place (idx) in the list Etc. let's look at the Java API online for ArrayList and write some code using it and place TextBooks into it.

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Java “review” Exception handling, try/catch blocks (import java.util.*;)‏ File I/O (import java.io.*;)‏ StringTokenizer

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Exception handling Exception handling allows for a program to detect unwanted behaviour and then instead of crashing the program, “catch” the exception while the program is running and handle it by doing something to allow the program to keep running. Let's see an example with catching an exception from Integer.parseInt

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Exception handling Some methods “throw” exceptions that are required to be caught, while others like Integer.parseInt don't require catching the exception. When we write our own methods, we can throw exceptions back to the caller. For example, if we have a method that takes in one int parameter, if the value passed in is required to be >=0, then the first code we write inside the method could be to check if negative and if so, throw an exception.

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 File I/O File Input and Output Reading, Writing, Appending There are many classes in Java to handle reading and writing to files. We're going to focus on a few that allow reading and writing to “text files” (human readable) as opposed to “binary files.” Also, we're only going to focus on files that are “sequential” as opposed to “random access.”

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 File I/O For file Input I recommend using a BufferedReader wrapped around a FileReader For file Output I recommend using a PrintWriter wrapped around a FileOutputStream Let's look at example code.

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 StringTokenizer StringTokenizer is a class that allows us to easily “divide” up a String into tokens which are separated by a delimiter character. Let's look at some example code.

Michael Eckmann - Skidmore College - CS Fall 2009 Programming Examples Let's write a simple insertion sort method to sort the Cards in the ArrayList. To remind ourselves of how insertion sort works, let's look at: