THE GREAT WAR: AKA = World War One Meant to be “…the most glorious conflict since the Napoleonic Wars….”

MANIA M= A= N= I= A = Militarism Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Assassination

ANIMAL A= N= I= M= A= L= Alliances Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Assassination Leadership

Relevant Vocabulary Total War – entire country mobilizes for war Trench Warfare – war fought in trenches Triple Entente – one side of the war Central Powers – one side of the war Propaganda – posters, pamphlets or music meant to alter emotions Eastern Front – eastern-most area of fighting Western Front – western-most area of fighting

Trench Warfare

Two Sides Central Powers –Germany –Austria-Hungary –Ottoman Empire –Italy Allied Powers –Russia –France –Great Britain –Belgium –Italy –United States

Propaganda

Attack Plans French Attack Plan: Plan XVII Goal: to regain Alsace and Lorraine German plan: Schlieffen Plan Goal: Capture Paris quickly

Soldiers of the Western Front German Officer and soldier German InfantryFrench Infantry

Western Front Verdun 1914 –February-November 1916 Flander’s Fields Ypres Arras The Marne –September 4-10, 1914 The Christmas Truce –December 25, 1914 The Somme –July-November 1916

In Flanders Fields By: Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD ( ) Canadian Army IN FLANDERS FIELDS the poppies blow Between the crosses row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.

Soldiers of the Eastern Front Austro-Hungarian GermanRussian

Eastern Front Austrians & Germans vs. Russians Caused a revolution in Russia Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 Central Forces transferred to the Western Front

The end Cease-fire declared on… “The 11 th hour of the 11 th month on the 11 th day.” Ended with the Treaty of Versailles Based on Wilson’s 14 points –Ended the war –Germany is to blame –Reparations must be paid –New countries established Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania –Established the League of Nations

Significant Aspects Trench war Chemical War 68 million men were mobilized. 9 million deaths, almost as many as the current population in Belgium. Losses: –Russia: 2 million –Germany 1.8 million –France 1.3 million –Great Britain 1.1 million –Austria-Hungary 1 million Hyper-Inflation in Germany

Sources Livesey, Great Battles of World War I Winter, The Experience of World War I Copyright © by The War Times Journal at German machine gunner photo courtesy of the United States National Archives and the United States Signal Corps W.htmhttp:// W.htm

Important Individuals Central Powers Austria-Hungary:  Ruler:  Military Leader: Germany:  Ruler: Kaiser Wilhelm II  Military Leader: Erich von Falkenhayn, Turkey:  Ruler:  Military Leader: Allied Powers France:  Ruler:  Military Leader: Joseph Joffre, Henri Petain Great Britain:  Ruler: PM David Lloyd George  Military Leader: Sir John French, Sir Douglas Haig Russia:  Ruler: Emperor Nicolas II  Military Leader: United States:  Ruler: Woodrow Wilson  Military Leader: John Pershing Belgium:  Ruler & Military Leader: King Albert I