Gravity wave breaking over the central Alps: Role of complex topography Qingfang Jiang, UCAR/NRL, Monterey James D. Doyle, NRL, Monterey, CA Acknowledgements:

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Presentation transcript:

Gravity wave breaking over the central Alps: Role of complex topography Qingfang Jiang, UCAR/NRL, Monterey James D. Doyle, NRL, Monterey, CA Acknowledgements: MAP scientists and staff.

COAMPS Grid UTC (6 h) October 21, 1999 Terrain (gray scale) Wind vectors (500mb) Geopotential Height Contours (500mb) Large Scale Conditions

Terrain Electra flight track Turbulence Upstream Sounding

SABL + Vertical Displacement

GPS Dropsonde Trajectories km 20km

Manual Isentropic Analysis of GPS Dropsonde Data

Manual Isentropic Analysis of GPS Dropsonde Data

Along Flight Track Wind Component

Vipiteno Soundings (0600, 0900 UTC)

V (m/s) W (m/s) Potential temp. (K) Terrain (m) Flight Level Data Examples

TKE, Leg1 TKE, Leg2 Buoyancy Production Rates Terrain Turbulent Kinetic Energy

COAMPS, 4 th mesh (~1 km) Potential temperature (solid contours) Along flight wind component (in grayscale) Turbulent kinetic energy (dashed lines)

COAMPS 2D Idealized Simulations Smooth terrain Smaller-scale terrain superposed on the lee-slope h=hw + hm*[1-cos(2πkx/a)]

Drag vs. Wave Number of Small Scale Terrain h=h w +hm*[1-cos(2πkx/a)] Where, h w : is the large-scale terrain height, a: is the large-scale terrain width, k: is the small scale terrain wave number

Conclusions The observed wave-breaking event was associated with the presence of a critical level, backward wind shear, and small Richardson number. GPS dropsondes observed strong flow descent associated with severe down-slope winds, and local convective instability in breaking regions. The structure of the wave- breaking section resembles a hydraulic jump. The underlying terrain and observed waves show multiscale features. Idealized simulations indicate that small-scale terrain superposed on larger scale terrain promotes wave breaking and enhances downslope winds, turbulence, and drag.