Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

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Presentation transcript:

Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

Endocrine Glands Second messenger system that carries information to and from the brain. What’s the first? Sends chemical messages (hormones) through the blood and other fluid systems Hormones can travel anywhere in the body but are only received at the site they affect (the organ) Also called ductless glands Know the functions of each endocrine gland (page 172)!!!!!!!!!

What does each gland do? Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Thyroid Gland Pituitary = “master” gland Controls output of hormones from the other glands Hypothalamus = watch dog Monitors hormone levels in the blood and sends signals to correct imbalances Thyroid Gland Produces the hormone thyroxine Too little thyroxine = lazy & lethargic Too much thyroxine = overactivity, lose weight and sleep Adrenal Glands Become active when you are angry or frightened Release epinephrine and norepinephrine (aka adrenaline and noradrenaline) Raise in heartbeat and breathing rate Heighten emotions of fear / anxiety Also release cortical steroids Help muscles develop Tell liver to release stored sugar for emergencies Sex glands Testes and ovaries Testosterone in men= growth of muscle, bones, development of male characteristics Estrogen/ Progesterone in women= regulate reproductive cycle, and development of female characteristics

Hormone vs Neurotransmitter Ex. Norepinephrine Hormone= released into the bloodstream Neurotransmitter= released directly next to the cell it is affecting Timing Neurotransmitters = thousandths of a second Hormones = can take up to minutes

Heredity and Environment (Nature vs Nurture) Heredity- genetic transmission from parents to offspring Genes- the basic building blocks of heredity. Twins Identical twins- came from 1 fertilized egg (Monozygotic) genetically identical Fraternal twins- 2 separate eggs were fertilized. Genes are no more similar than brothers or sisters. What happens when identical twins are separated at birth and raised in two different environments? Is athletic ability learned or inherited? Can it be learned?