ROCKS AND MINERALS

GEOLOGY  Science of our plant Earth MAGMA  Earth's molten liquid rock  Cools and starts to crystallize  Forms solid minerals  Two or more minerals = rock

MINERALS Basic building block of rocks 2000 types of minerals  Only 20 are common 95% of all rocks in existence Salt, graphite and gemstones are examples

HOW TO DISTINGUISH MINERALS Tests to Identify and Classify  Streak test – true color of specimen  Luster test – shine or reflection  Hardness – scratch resistent or abrasive  Cleavage – how the mineral breaks  Crystalline structure – most important clue

MINERALS

ROCK CYCLE

TYPES OF ROCKS Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks

IGNEOUS ROCKS Means fire-formed Magma below crust is liquid rock Lava when it reaches the surface

IGNEOUS ROCKS Extrusive Igneous Rock  Rock formed after lava on surface cools and solidifies

IGNEOUS ROCKS Inclusive Igneous Rock  Rock formed when magma below the crust cools and solidifies  Granite 75% of Earth's crust Yosemite National Park

WEATHERING & PLATE TECTONICS Plate tectonics uplift and re-arrange land Weathering and Erosion  Expose Inclusive Igneous rocks  Exposed rocks are broken down and transported

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Broken and transported rock fragments  Called sediment Settle at low points Sediment is compacted and cemented  Lithification Form Sedimentary rocks

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Small percentage of crust 70% of exposed rock Help geologists learn about Earth's past

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Contain fossils  Preserved remains of plants and animals that lived long ago  Mostly hard parts (shells, bones and teeth) of organisms  Help determine past life and environments

FOSSILS

METAMORPHIC ROCKS Means to change form Created when igneous or sedimentary rocks transform

METAMORPHIC ROCKS Changes are caused by heat and pressure Excessive heat and pressure can cause rocks to melt  When re-solidified a new igneous rock is formed

ROLE IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Stone Age  Tools, shelter and weapons Wars to gain other countries resources Industrial Revolution  Begin use of fossil fuels for energy

WORK WITH ROCKS & MINERALS Construction Industry  Limestone and gypsum = cement Lapidarist  Cut, polish and perfect crystals for jewelry Paleontologist  Uncover, examine and identify fossils

EARTH'S RESOURCES Fossil fuels  Oil, gas, coal  Non-renewable resource Alternative renewable energy resources  Recycling

ROCKS AND MINERALS

QUIZ QUESTION #1 What is the general name for the material that forms a unique crystal shape?

QUIZ QUESTION #2 A combination of different minerals form what object?

QUIZ QUESTION #3 Within the Earth, what happens to the rock when it is exposed to very high temperatures?

QUIZ QUESTION #4 What type of rock is made up of slowly buried sediments that were later cemented together by dissolved minerals?

QUIZ QUESTION #5 How is a metamorphic rock formed?

QUIZ QUESTION #6 How do people use rocks in their everyday lives?

QUIZ QUESTION #7 Why is recycling important?

QUIZ QUESTION #8 True or False Salt is a mineral.

QUIZ QUESTION #9 True or False Fossils provide important evidence of how life existed in the past and reveal clues about their environment.

QUIZ QUESTION #10 True or False Igneous rock means “water-formed”.