What conservationists need to know about farming by Andrew Balmford, Rhys Green, and Ben Phalan Proceedings B Volume 279(1739): July 22, 2012 ©2012 by The Royal Society

The relationship between per capita demand for crop calories and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) from 1961 to 2003, for groups of countries ordered from richest (A) to poorest (G). Andrew Balmford et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279: ©2012 by The Royal Society

An indication of the relative number of papers in the conservation literature (blue bars; number of relevant papers) that address the biodiversity impacts of specific crops, based on a random sample of 20% of 1062 papers returned from a literature search. Andrew Balmford et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279: ©2012 by The Royal Society

(a) Estimated annual greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture between 1961 and 2005 assuming observed increases in yield, per capita demand and population (RW) and (b) two alternative world scenarios in which yield remained at 1961 levels but per capita de... Andrew Balmford et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279: ©2012 by The Royal Society

Mean (±s.e.) maize yield in monocrop plots (open bars) and push–pull plots (filled bars) in different districts of western Kenya. Andrew Balmford et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279: ©2012 by The Royal Society

Schematic summarizing what some ‘biodiversity-friendly’ certification schemes currently endorse (a) compared with landscapes that involve land sparing within large farms (b) or across a group of farms (c). Andrew Balmford et al. Proc. R. Soc. B 2012;279: ©2012 by The Royal Society