Chapter 6: Learning.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6: Learning

Classical Conditioning Ivan _________ Terminology ______________ Stimulus (UCS) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) ___________ Response (CR)

Figure 6.1 Classical conditioning apparatus

Figure 6.2 The sequence of events in classical conditioning

Figure 6.3 Classical conditioning of a fear response

Basic Processes in Classical Conditioning _________ Extinction Spontaneous recovery Stimulus _____________ Stimulus discrimination __________ conditioning

Figure 6.6 Acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery

Figure 6.8 Higher-order conditioning

B.F. _________ (1953) – principle of ______________ Operant Conditioning B.F. _________ (1953) – principle of ______________ “Skinner box” Emission of response Reinforcement _____________ ___________ recorder

Figure 6.9 Reinforcement in operant conditioning

Figure 6.10 Skinner box and cumulative recorder

Basic Processes in Operant Conditioning Acquisition _________ Extinction ________ Control Generalization ______________

Table 6.1 Comparison of Basic Processes in Classical and Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement: Consequences that Strengthen Responses _________ Reinforcers Satisfy _________ needs __________ reinforcement

Schedules of Reinforcement ____________ (partial) reinforcement ______ schedules Fixed Variable _______ schedules

Figure 6.13 Schedules of reinforcement and patterns of response

Consequences: Reinforcement and Punishment Increasing a response: _________ reinforcement = response followed by rewarding stimulus _________ reinforcement = response followed by removal of an aversive stimulus Escape learning Avoidance learning Decreasing a response: ___________ Problems with punishment

Figure 6.14 Positive reinforcement versus negative reinforcement

Figure 6.15 Escape and avoidance learning

Figure 6.16 Comparison of negative reinforcement and punishment

Changing Directions in the Study of Conditioning Biological ___________ on Conditioning Instinctive Drift Conditioned Taste _________ Arbitrary vs. _________ conditioned stimuli ___________ Influences on Conditioning _______ learning Signal relations Response-outcome relations

Figure 6.19 Latent learning

Observational Learning Albert _________ __________ learning Basic processes attention retention _____________ motivation

Figure 6.20 Observational learning