Snow Hydrology: Microwave Interaction with Snowpack Do-Hyuk “DK” Kang Environmental Engineering University of Northern British Columbia December 5 th, 2013 Northern Hydrometeorology Group

Frolov and Marchert 1999, Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS

EM WAVE PROPAGATION TX RX TX Inan and Inan Electromagnetic Waves,

Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS

RF SYSTEM DESIGN TRANSMITTER: BY VADUM INC RECEIVER: NI VSA & PREAMP

LABORATORY TEST

Amplitudes and Histograms

Phase and Fourier Transforms

Key Words Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002 TbTb TsTs p ec freq LWC

Model Setup State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m 3 ], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes with multi-layer Hourly Met. Data needed to drive model Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks, Corresponding Tb [K], emissivity [ ], and Teff [K]

Site Descriptions Valdai, Russia, 78~83, SMMR, 25X25 km CLPX , 02~03, SSM/I, AMSR-E 25X25 km

Coupled Model I : Snow Physics Mass Balance Energy Balance

Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation Kang and Barros 2010 Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

VALDAI

CLPX

Schanda and Matzler 1981 Willis et al RS and Env Kang et al Accepted in IEEE

Kang et al Accepted in IEEE

Kang et al Accepted in IEEE

Wiscomb and Warren 1980 VS Mätzler GHz = infrared 37 GHz = microwave

Ice-Lamellae Model (Mätzler 2000, DK imp.) Six flux theory: r, t, and e

Scattering: multi freq.

Future Topics Grain size Ice lenses within snow layers Depth hoar/surface hoar First snow Intensity (radiative trnaser) Electric Dipole Moment Impedance Matching

Questions

Schanda and Matzler 1981 Willis et al RS and Env Kang et al Accepted in IEEE

Kang et al Accepted in IEEE

Kang et al Accepted in IEEE

Dry Snow VS Wet Snow

Dry Snow Wet Snow

Water Presence

Coupled Model Kang and Barros 2010 Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

Matzler and Wisemann 1999 RS and Env

BC ministry, Environment Canada

VIC application to FRB

Summary Introduced L band Snow Sensor Simulated Snow Physics and Radiation Physics in both Valdai and CLPX 2002 Future View NCEP based model application into FRB NARR based model application into FRB expected  Paper 1: point scale snow hydrology assessment + VIC watershed scale investigation Radar response  Paper 2: grain size, LWC toward radar backscattering signals

Key Words Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002 pol. p ec freq Water incluson

Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS Colbeck 1974

Based on Chang et al. 1987

CLPX

VALDAI

CLPX

Outline Coupled multi-layered snow physics model with passive microwave simulator Demonstrated model performance at two different locations:1) Valdai, Russia and 2) CLPX 2002

Model Setup State Variables (SWE [m], Snow depth [m], Snow density [kg/m3], Snow Temperature [K], and Grain Size (will be) at each layer from 1st to nth layer 1-D Column simulation both for snow physics and radiation schemes Hourly Met. Data from RUC40 MM5 Output: Hourly Vertical Profiles of Snowpacks, Corresponding Tb, es, and Teff [K]

VALDAI

Dry Snow VS Wet Snow

Coupled Model II : Snow Radiation Kang and Barros 2010 Matzler and Wiesmann 1999

dry Snow case

Wet Snow case

Part 1: Motivations History of Snow Hydrology Model Legacy of Microwave Remote Sensing of Snowpack Challenge in measurement of snowpack Snow Hydrology Forward Radiation Coupled Model

Hallikainen et al. 1986, TGRS Colbeck 1974

Key Words Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002 TbTb TsTs

Part 2: Implementation Snow Physics Model Snow Radiation Model Challenge in measurement of snowpack Physics Model Radiation Model Coupled Model

Key Words Radiation Physics Matzler and Wiesmann 1999 Devonec and Barros 2002

Hallikainen 1986, TGRS