Chapter 5-4 The Structure of Matter

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 5-4 The Structure of Matter Organic and Biochemical Compounds

What does Organic Mean? Organic – associated with living things Organic Food – grown using fertilizers that come from plants or animals In chemistry it describes certain compounds

Organic Compounds Organic Compounds – covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides Ingredients in: Aspirin Sugarless gums Sweeteners

Organic Compounds Hydrocarbon – molecule made of hydrogen and carbon only Methane – simplest hydrocarbon CH4

Polymers Polymers – large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers Monomer – small unit or simple molecule DNA, body cells, rubber, and wood

Repeating Subunits Polymers - Organic molecules that bond to form long chains Plastic jugs “poly” – means many

Man-made vs Natural Natural: Man-made: Most are plastics or fibers Wood, rubber, cotton, protien, DNA Man-made: Plastic containers, car parts, carpet, rope Most are plastics or fibers

Elasticity Determines Structure Polymer molecules are like spaghetti Can crush or dent materials because it is flexible Some are elastic, or stretchy, and some aren’t

Biochemical Polymers Important to living thing Carbohydrates – energy Proteins – muscles, tendons, hair DNA – provides information to cells

Carbohydrates Carbohydrate – organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Provides nutrients to cells of living things

Proteins Proteins – organic compound that is made of 1 or more chains of amino acids Principal components of all cells

Amino Acids Amino Acids – 20 different organic molecules that form proteins

DNA DNA – a polymer with a complex structure Determines genetic makeup Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus Double helix – double chains; like a twister ladder