The Second Industrial Revolution Begins Ch. 13 Section 1

Review  Improved methods of farming  Population explosion  Factories  Industrial middle class and the Industrial working class  Early Socialism  Bismarck and nationalism (unification)  Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism

The New Revolution  1 st Industrial Revolution – marked by textiles, railroads, iron, coal, etc  2 nd Industrial Revolution – marked by steel, chemicals, electricity, petroleum and a changed factory system  Electricity will be a new form of energy

A New Kind of Factory  Electricity made factories able to…  Stay open 24 hours a day (light bulb)  Make products faster – conveyor belts, cranes, and machines now all powered by electricity  Assembly line – faster way of assembling products  Worker only responsible for one component of production – Henry Ford  Interchangeable parts – identical components that could be used in place of one another  Allowed production to be faster & products could be easily repaired  Eli Whitney

Inventions and Inventors  Telegraph – Samuel Morse  Light bulb – Thomas Edison  Telephone – Alexander Graham Bell  Radio – Marconi  Internal Combustion Engine - Otto  Engine Powered Automobile – Daimler  Airplane – Wright Brothers  Battery – Volta  Dynamite – Alfred Nobel  Steel – Henry Bessemer

Marx’s Theory  Karl Marx – 1848 writes The Communist Manifesto – appalled at the horrible conditions in the factories  Blamed industrial capitalism for these conditions  Industrial capitalism – economic system based on industrial production  Solution to these problems was a new social system

Marxist Revolution?  Marx b/l that world history was a history of class struggles  B/w the haves and the have-nots  Haves – are the rich who own the means of production  They control the govt.  Have-nots – are the poor who depend on the haves to survive  Marx b/l the have-nots would rise up and overthrow the haves to create a classless society  This revolution never happened

Impact of Marx  Socialism- a form of government where the government controls the factories & means of production in a country.  Communism- idea that developed because of Marx which is a form of socialism. Communism is a society where there is no private ownership- all people are equal (however, all are also poor  !)  Govt. controls everything!!!