Communist China Ch. 25 Sec. 3, Ch. 31 Sec 1

*Last of Manchu Dynasty I. Collapse of Old Order: A. Henry Pu-yi 1906 - 1967 *Last Emperor of China *Last of Manchu Dynasty

Forbidden City Peking (Beijing) *imprisoned after Chinese Revolution of 1911 *Ancient home of Chinese Emperors

Henry Pu-yi - Emperor of Manchuko Japanese occupied Manchuria WWII

Pu-Yi arrested

B. Chinese Revolution of 1911 overthrow of Manchu ended 2,000 years of Imperial Rule 210 BC - 1911 AD

Dr. Sun Yat-sen *founder of modern China founder 1st Chinese Republic *leader of rev. against Manchu Three Principles of the People 1. Peoples Government 2. Peoples Rights 3. Peoples Livelihood

C. Guomindang *Nationalist Political Party founded by Sun Yat-sen

II. Revolution in China A. Chiang Kai-Shek (Jiang Jieshi) President of Republic of China 1928 - 1945 death of Sun Yat-sen constantly at war: Warlords, Communists, & Japanese

Warlords *regional military rulers in China defeated by Shek

Republic of China 1928 Dictator no real republic Western ideas & traditional Confucian values “New Life Movement” * social ethics Banana Chinese *critics called Shek & followers Chinese on outside - Western on inside

Split in Guomindang Right Wing *Nationalists Left Wing *Communists

Shanghai Massacre April 1927 1000’s communist tortured & killed Shek wants to eliminate Communist Party “The Communists are a disease of the heart.” Shek

B. Chinese Communist Party CCP Formed in 1921 in Shanghai Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-Tung) leader of the CCP

Peoples Liberation Army PLA *Communist Army *Red Army

“Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” Mao

Long March 1933 - 1935 *Communists fled from capture & execution 6,000 mile journey 100,000 troops South East China to North 7,000 troops survived defeat 10 Armies crossed 18 mountain ranges & 24 rivers Yan’an *base for Communist in hills of North China

WWII Japanese invasion of China 1939 - 1945 Communist & Guomindang united to fight Japan

Red Chinese leader Mao Tse Tung and Chiang Kai Shek toasting one another.

C. Communist Revolution 1949 Nationalists vs. Communists Shek Mao Peoples Liberation Army Red Army guerrilla warfare When the enemy advances, we retreat! When the enemy halts & camps, we trouble them! When the enemy tries to avoid battle, we attack! When the enemy retreats, we pursue! Mao Mao *peasants as the key to revolution rather than urban workers

3 Rules: Win over Peasants: 1. Do not take a needle or thread 2. Consider people as your family 3. All you borrow you must return 1949 Communist won

Taiwan *Shek fled President of Taiwan 1950 – 1975 Taiwan originally called Formosa Taipei *capital city

III. Peoples Republic of China Oct. 1, 1949 A. Dictatorship controlled by Communist Party Beijing capital (Peking)

B. Mao *Chairman of Communist Party 1949 - 1976 Founder: The Peoples Republic of China “We the Chinese people have stood up, & no one will be able to humiliate us again.” Mao

1. Little Red Book *Quotations of Chairman Mao collection of Mao’s thoughts & ideas

2. The Great Leap Forward 1958 - 1961 *create ideal communist society *dev. industry & agriculture “Hard work for a few years, happiness for a thousand.” Mao

Cooperatives *collective farms massive farms 30,000 people human labor rather than technology

Great Leap Forward *Disaster 20 million died of starvation

3. Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976 *forced march toward true Communism *eliminate opponents of Mao

Red Guards *young supporters of Mao spread Cultural Rev. burned book, do away with past destroy old structure of society destroyed statues & works of Confucius intellectuals attacked

Four Olds *eliminated old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits

C. Cold War in Asia 1. Red China signed friendship pact with USSR 1950 USA feared spread of Communism

2. Korea 1945 USA & USSR divided into 2 zones *38th parallel Peoples Republic of Korea North Korea *Communist Republic of Korea South Korea *Democratic

3. Korean War June 25, 1950 *North Korean invaded South Korea *United Nations sent troops to South Korea

President Harry Truman Sep. 1950 U.S. troops stop Communism UN forces crossed into North Korea

Battle of Choshin Reservoir 2 million Chinese “Volunteers” crossed Yalu River & attacked UN Forces 300,000 ?? Chinese casualties pushed UN forces across 38th parallel UN regrouped push Chinese across 38th

1953 Armistice bt. North & South Korea Demilitarized Zone = DMZ 38th Parallel

Panmunjeom is a ‘truce village’ that straddles the borders and is where meetings between the North and South often take place. The border line passes right trough some buildings and even across tables so representatives from both sides can sit at the same table but still be in their own country.

4. Tibet *China took control 1950 became a Chinese province Tibet once independent Buddhist Kingdom

*spiritual leader of Tibet exiled in India & USA Dalai Lama *spiritual leader of Tibet exiled in India & USA Nobel Peace Prize 1989

6. Henry Kissinger U.S. Sec. Of State 1971 secret trip to China discussed American & Chinese affairs

Ping Pong Diplomacy

6. President Richard Nixon 1972 *historic visit Red China US & China open diplomatic relations 1979

7. Mao died Sep. 9, 1976 (age of 83)

8. Deng Xiaoping Premier of China 1976 - 1989 successor to Mao Four Modernizations: industry, agriculture, technology, & defense McDonald’s & Kentucky Fried Chicken opened

4 leaders during the Cultural Revolution 9. Gang of Four 4 leaders during the Cultural Revolution tried to rise to power after Mao’s death Jiang Qing “Madame Mao“ *Mao’s 4th Wife arrested & imprisoned - responsible deaths of 34,000 Jiang Qing, wife of Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong, and three other political radicals were called the Gang of Four during the struggle for power that followed Mao’s death in 1976. They were arrested and charged with a series of crimes, including treason. Jiang was convicted and sentenced to death, which was later commuted to life imprisonment. Shown, clockwise from top right, are Zhang Chunqiao, Jiang Qing, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen.

10. Tiananmen Square Massacre June 4, 1989 Chinese students demonstrating against Chinese gov. Tiananmen “Gate of Heavenly Peace”

protested 6 weeks: democratic freedom end to corruption in gov. better conditions at Chinese universities

30 ft. Statue made by student demonstrators The Goddess of Democracy 30 ft. Statue made by student demonstrators

*sent troops & tanks in stop protesters mass arrests & executions Premier Deng Xiaoping *sent troops & tanks in stop protesters mass arrests & executions

shot or ran over by tanks 120,000 arrested Students Killed?? 500 to several thousand shot or ran over by tanks 120,000 arrested

11. Hong Kong July 1, 1997 *returned to China ended 150 years British Imperialism in Hong Kong China allow Hong Kong remain capitalist city

12. Beijing Olympic’s 2008