National Aeronautics and Space Administration Energy and the Atmosphere Dr. Lin H. Chambers, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA New Orleans, Oct. 29, 2010

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 2 Mars Venus Earth Mercury Our Natural Place … in the Big Picture Not to Scale

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 3 Mars T s = -113 to 0 C Venus T s =450 C! Earth Mercury: T s =425 C Our Natural Place … in the Big Picture 425 C ~ 800 F “Too hot!” “Too cold!”

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 4 Mars T s = -113 to 0 C Venus T s =450 C! Earth: T s = -18 C* Mercury: T s =425 C Our Natural Place … in the Big Picture 425 C ~ 800 F *No atmosphere

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 5 Mars T s = -113 to 0 C Venus T s =450 C! Earth: T s = 15 C* Mercury: T s =425 C Our Natural Place … for Life 425 C ~ 800 F *With atmosphere “Just right”

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 6 What Determines a Planet’sTemperature?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 7 The Energy Budget

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 8 The Energy Budget - An Analogy Winter Summer

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 9 The Energy Budget - V.2

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 10 The Energy Budget - Location Top of Atmosphere (TOA)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 11 The Energy Budget - Location Surface (SFC)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 12 The Energy Budget – Direction Down

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 13 The Energy Budget – Direction Up

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Shortwave (SW) or Solar Shortwave (SW) or Solar Earth’s Energy Budget 14 The Energy Budget - Wavelength Shortwave (SW) or Solar

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 15 The Energy Budget - Wavelength Longwave (LW) Or Infrared (Heat)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 16 The Final Frontier In atmosphere budget

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 17 The Energy Budget - Data Click Data Access Choose Live Access Server Choose Data Parameter

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 18 The Energy Budget - Data

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 19 TOA Shortwave Down What variables affect this?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 20 TOA Shortwave Down

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 21 Surface Shortwave Down What variables affect this?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 22 Surface Shortwave Down

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 23 Surface Shortwave Up What variables affect this?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 24 Surface Shortwave Up

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 25 Surface Shortwave Up

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 26 Surface Longwave Up What variables affect this?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 27 Surface Longwave Up

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 28 TOA Longwave Up What variables affect this?

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 29 TOA Longwave Up

How We Measure

National Aeronautics and Space Administration The CERES Instrument 3 telescopes Shortwave (SW) Total spectrum (TOT) Window channel (LW)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Satellites Carrying the CERES Instrument TRMM Satellite launched 1997 TERRA Satellite launched 1999 Aqua Satellite launched 2002 NPP (2011) NPOESS (201?)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 33 First Year of CERES Data

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth’s Energy Budget 34 How we Validate Lots of high tech methods, but also Student involvement: Observe clouds at the time of the CERES satellite overpass The CERES S’COOL Project Observe from anywhere

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Earth’s Energy Budget 36 SignOffPage