Electro-Mechanical Applications of High Temperature Superconductors A. Cansiz, E.A. Oral and O. Gundogdu Electric-Electronic Engineering Department Atatürk University Erzurum, Turkey

Applications of Meissner Effect Repulsion of external magnets - levitation Magnet Superconductor

Applications of Mixed State superconductivity (Large Scale) 1.Large distance power transmission 2.Highly efficient small sized electrical motors, generator and transformer 3.Levitation (Train) 4.Flywheel Energy Storage

1. Large distance power transmission Courtesy of American Superconductor

2. Highly efficient small sized electrical motors, generator and transformer

3. Levitation (Train) Magnetic levitation transport, or maglev, is a form of transportation that suspends, guides and propels vehicles via electromagnetic force. Yamanashi MLX01 MagLev train

Superconductors may be considered perfect diamagnets (μr = 0), completely expelling magnetic fields due to the Meissner effect. The levitation of the magnet is stabilized due to flux pinning within the superconductor. This property rationalize magnetic levitation trains.

Kinetic energy is increased if ω increases or if I increases. Stiffness, stability, Cooling problem. No contact in motional parts. 4. Flywheel Energy Storage

To reduce the friction the disc is in a vacuum and uses magnetic bearings. Motor / generators are typically permanent magnet machines. The maximum energy density per mass and the maximum tensile stress are related. Typically, tensile stress has 2 components: radial stress and hoop stress. Flywheels

MODELING LEVITATION FORCE

θ x y y x Tilted PM HTS   z z FROZEN IMAGE MODEL Hull and Cansiz, 1999

1 HTS r zz zz h 3 h PM LN FROZEN IMAGE MODEL

HTS Diamagnetic Image h z PM coil L1L1 L2L2 Frozen Image h r2r2 r1r1 AMPERIAN CURRENT APPROXIMATION

Force Levitation height Rotor weight Major Hysteresis loop Minor Hysteresis loop Stability point for Rotor Typical Banana Curve

SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING UNDER CONSIDERATION

7.5 KG ROTOR

SUPERCONDUCTING BASE

SUPERCONDUCTING FORCE MEASUREMENT

TYPICAL SPIN EXPERIMENTS

STABLE SUPERCONDUCTING LEVITATION

Rotation Experiment 2011

FREE SPIN DOWN OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING

FRICTION AND REZONANCE BEAHAVIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING UNDER CONSIDERATION

DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTING BEARING

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