Taxonomy.

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Taxonomy

Classification Name three things that you classify at home. Clothes 2) Music Collections / hobbies Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. Why do you think Biologists classify things?

Classification has several purposes: Easier to share information about an organism by using one standard name Identify characteristics of an organism just by studying the groups they are placed in Manage the information they collect on the 2.5 million known species

Taxonomy Taxonomy is the scientific study of how living things are classified.

History of Classification Classification began in Europe with Aristotle He put organisms into two categories: plants & animals Aristotle expanded animal classification to two main levels: Animals with blood (vertebrates) Animals without blood (invertebrates)

How do you think he would divide the animals with blood? FISH (WATER) BIRDS(AIR) EGG-LAYING LAND ANIMALS (4 LEGS) (LAND) LIVE-BEARING LAND ANIMALS (4 LEGS) HUMANS

Aristotle vs. Modern Classification 6 Kingdoms Animals in 2 sub-groups 5 Animal Classes: birds fish amphibians reptiles mammals 2 Kingdoms Animals in 2 sub-groups 5 Animal Classes

Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Earliest version of modern day organized approach Morphology - basic shape Form - body parts (head, legs, thorax…) Structure - bone and external supports Anatomy - muscle & organs Described 1,000’s of plants & animals in: System Naturae and Species Plantarum

Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Homo Sapiens Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Primates Family: Hominidae Genus: Homo Species:Sapiens

Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus developed Two word naming system which identifies species. First word: Genus (Capitalized) Second word: species (Lowercase) Both words should be italicized Ex/ Homo sapiens (Man) Passer domesticus (House sparrow) Canis rufus (Red wolf)

Cell Organization Prokaryote Eukaryote “Before Nucleus” Simple organisms, No membrane bound organelles (cell organs) Eukaryote “True Nucleus” More complex organisms Membrane bound organelles