Introduction to Linguistics Ms. Suha Jawabreh Lecture 22.

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Introduction to Linguistics Ms. Suha Jawabreh Lecture 22

The Components of Language 1. Sounds – Phonetics and Phonology 2. Words – Morphology 3. Phrases and sentences- Syntax 4. Meaning- Semantics and Pragmatics

Semantics What is Semantics? The study of the conventional meaning of sentences. Semantics does not focus on what the speaker mean.

Types of meanings There are two types of meanings: 1. The conceptual meaning It covers the basic components of meaning ( literal meaning, direct meaning) 2. The associative meaning it is concerned with the associations or connotations.

Example The word ‘needle’ The conceptual meaning : ‘thin, sharp, steel, instrument’ The associative meaning : painful

Question What is the conceptual meaning of the word rose? What is the associative meaning of the word rose?

Semantic Analysis There are two approaches to semantic analysis: 1. Semantic features 2. Semantic roles

Semantic features Read the following sentences: -The hamburger ate the man. -My cat studied linguistics. -A table was listening to some music. -What is ‘odd’ about these sentences?

Semantic features : Animate, human, male, adult. What are the semantic features that the following words have? 1.Table 2.Cow 3.Girl 4.Woman 5.Boy 6.Man

Semantic Roles -Words do not only have features, they can also fulfill roles. Example : The boy kicked the ball. Agent theme The ball was kicked by the boy. Theme agent The ball was red. theme

-What is the agent? The agent is the doer of the action. -What is the theme? The theme is the receiver of the action or the entity that is being described.