Language Skills Chapter 4

An Overview of Grammar and the Sentence Section 4.1

The Parts of Speech Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections

Nouns & Pronouns Nouns are the name for people, places, and things. PeoplePlacesThings CommonProperCommonProperCommonProper FriendMrs. BetCityDallasCarHonda NeighborJimStoreAgosti’sTelevisionVizio ManagerMrs. HenningerMallFairlane Village BikeSchwinn

Singular & Plural Nouns SingularPluralSingularPluralSingularPlural IWeMeUsMyOur You He They Him Them His Their SheHer Ititits

Pronouns Words that are substituted for nouns are called pronouns Examples: Tracy went to the meeting with Jeff. She went to the meeting with him. Don and Ellen purchased the property. They purchased it.

Verbs Verbs are often referred to as action words because verbs do indicate the activity of a sentence. Examples Michelle signed the check. Mr. Murphy is interviewing the applicants Besides showing action, verbs also describe a condition of being.

Verbs Examples of showing a condition of being: Wayne is tired. Ms. Brown has been away on a business trip. I am the assistant manager.

Verbs Continued verb phrases Verbs can be single words, or can consist of several words. These verbs are called verb phrases Examples: has been attending Grace has been attending class during her lunch hour. should have been Arthur should have been here for this meeting.

Practice Label the underlined words as N for nouns, P for pronouns, and V for verbs. representativesaccepted they 1. The representatives at the conference accepted the proposal after they discussed it. have been working outline they 2. My two assistants have been working on an outline for the sales report they must submit next month. sheI have sent personnel manger 3. As you know, she and I already have sent our applications to the personnel manger.

Practice youhas been approved committee 4. The suggestion you submitted has been approved by the committee. SheAndrew may go they office 5. She and Andrew may go to the meeting: if they decide to attend, I will call your office. Fill in a word for each blank in the sentence. 6. Our _____ obviously _____ more money.

Practice 7. Please give _____ a copy of the summary sheet that I ______. 8. Frank ______ extra copies of the _______. 9. _______ rewrote the entire _______. 10. Only ______ has returned the completed _________.

Adjectives Adjectives Adjectives are words that modify, describe, or define nouns or pronouns. They tell what kind, which one, or how many or much. Note how the following italicized adjectives in the following phrases clarify or describe the nouns they modify. This companyThese desksThat agencyThose groups Mexican foodWashington politics Enthusiastic employees Qualified applicants

Adverbs Adverbs As adjectives are to nouns and pronouns, so are adverbs to verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. Adverbs modify and describe these parts. Examples Examples Joanne draws beautifully. Mr. Adams will arrive shortly Put that carton there.

Adverbs Adverbs Modify Verbs Jan ran quickly. The committee unanimously. Adverbs Modify Adjectives His nearly perfect paper An extremely long speech Adverbs Modify Other Adverbs Jack ran very quickly The manager quite suddenly decided to sell the team.

Adverbs As you noticed most adverbs except for very and quite end in ly Class Practice QuietQuietly BadBadly SuddenSuddenly CarefulCarefully

Prepositions Prepositions connect groups of words to show relationships among ideas. They include these very commonly used words. InToForAboutExcept ByFromWithAboveBetween OfAfterBeforeBehindInto OutOnOverBeforeUntil

Preposition Examples We plan to meet We plan to meet in the morning Please give me the package Please give me the package by the door He broke the base accidently He broke the base of the pot accidently

Conjunctions Conjunctions too are connectors. They conect both single words and groups of words. The most commonly used conjunctions are and, but, or, and nor. Examples: Robert and Paula will be promoted. Robert, Paula, and Daniel are attending the workshop. We have extra brochures in the storeroom and on those shelves.

Interjections Interjections Interjections are words that express strong feeling they are usually independent of the rest of the sentence. Examples: Great! Great! Joan succeeded in getting the Wilson account. Oh Oh, so that’s what they wanted. No! No! We certainly cannot approve the terms of this agreement.