Write a definition of a)Ethics b)Bias Milgram Bandura

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Presentation transcript:

Write a definition of a)Ethics b)Bias

Milgram Bandura What do you think? Briefly describe each study in your notes.

a system of moral principles the rules of conduct recognized in respect to a particular group, culture, etc. more principles, as an individual the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends such actions. Source: dictionary.com

Milgram: 26 of 40 teachers continued with the ‘shocks’ of 450 volts. 14 of 40 halted the ‘shocks’ before the 450 voltage in fear of hurting the learner. Bandura Bobo Dolls: Children even elected to grab toy guns even though the woman did not abuse the bobo doll with any. Influenced children it was okay to be aggressive because an adult showed it first.

John Watson: Little Baby Albert experiment (1920) – was conditioned to be afraid of anything fuzzy or white due to loud noises associated with the site of rabbits and rats. Was unable to desensitize his fear. Stanford Prison Experiment: 24 of 75 healthy males were selected to be either guards (12) or prisoners (12). Fell so deeply into their roles that the experiment ceased after six days due to torture techniques and poor living conditions forced upon by the guards. Has been compared to Abu Ghraib.

There are dozens of types of biases used to reveal cognitive, behavioural, and social tendencies. Ie. Egocentric bias, gambler’s fallacy, confirmation bias, illusion of control, information bias, and the like.

Tendency to think that future probabilities are altered by past events, when in reality they are unchanged. Ie. Superbowl coin toss – NFC has won the coin flip the past 14 years.... Until this year. Odds of that happening is :1 75% of people who bet on that event selected the NFC to win..... AFC won the coin toss.

Occurs when people claim more responsibility for themselves for results of joint action than an outside observer would. Ie. Sporting win? Movie production?

-Tendency for people to favour information that confirms their beliefs or values -People display this by gathering information selectively, or otherwise interpret it in their previous biased way. Emotions are further enhanced if it has to do with a issue they relate with or deeply believe in. (ie. Abortion, gun control, carcinogens in marijuana and cigarettes, global warming, world trade centre, etc) -People prefer sources that affirm their pre-existing attitudes - Also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position.