A Brief History of the Americas 15,000 – 30,000 Years Ago – Bering Strait 1400s – 100 million Native Americans – Diverse, Complex Societies - 10 million in US – 50 Tribes

Brief History Continued 1492 – Columbus – begin European colonization Reasons for Colonization Spain – South America, Central America, - St. Augustine, Florida England – Jamestown, VA – Massachusetts – Maryland – 1634 France – Quebec – 1608 Netherlands – New York – 1625 Sweden – Delaware – 1638

By the 1750s: - Spanish-South America + Southwest US + Florida - French – Canada + Great Lakes + Fur Trade - British – Eastern Coast and Population - Native – 10% Original Population 1754 – 1763 – French and Indian War

Mercantilism and the Navigation Acts – 1600s Salutary Neglect – No enforcement – The French and Indian War Results: British upset + in debt New Policies – Proclamation of 1763 – Appalachian Mountains Sugar Act – 1764 Quartering Act – 1765 Stamp Act 1765 – All all printed materials

Stamp Act Congress- 9 colonies - “No taxation w/o representation” – Rights - Boycott all British Goods Sons of Liberty + Resistance

1766 – Stamp Act repealed - Declaratory Act – “in all cases whatsoever” 1767 – Townshend Acts – glass, lead, paper, paint, tea Colonial Response: Boycott Resumes – Boston, New York, Philadelphia Virginia Resolves - Nonimportation Law British Response: House of Burgesses(VA) and MA Legislatures BritishTroops Reaction Continued

March 5, Boston Massacre – 5 Americans killed – Propaganda + Repeal - Committees of Correspondence – Tea Act - Boston Tea Party 1774 – Coercive/Intolerable Acts

First Continental Congress – Petition to King, Boycott, Militias April 1775 – Lexington and Concord – 700 British Troops – Paul Revere – ‘Shot Heard Round the World’ June 1775 –Second Continental Congress

Battle of Bunker Hill July 1775 – Olive Branch Petition December Prohibitory Act – No Trade Common Sense by Thomas Paine “Everything that is right or reasonable pleas for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, ‘tis time to part” 100,000 in 3 months, 500,000 in 6 months

Adopted July 4, 1776 Written by Thomas Jefferson Four Purposes: 1. Declare Independence 2. Explain Natural Rights – John Locke 3. List the wrongs of King George III 4. Justify Independence to other countries – France and Spain

-Well –equipped and trained army and navy - Blockade of American coast - Strong Central Government - Resources and National Wealth – Hessian Mercenaries - Native Americans, Slaves, and 50,000 Loyalists

-Fighting on their own land –Guerilla Warfare - Fighting for Liberty and independence – A Cause - War was unpopular in England - Experiences from the French and Indian War - Able military leaders - Only had to not lose – War of attrition

Turning Point – Battle of Saratoga – 1778 – - French and Spanish aid Battle of Yorktown – 1781 – French Navy and George Washington’s troops 1783 – Treaty of Paris - United States Independent - New Borders – Mississippi, Great Lakes, Florida - British Troop removed from the Americas

- Republican Gov’t and Freedoms - Emancipation - Slavery - Penn 1778, VT 1779, MA 1780, RI + CT 1784, NY 1799, NJ Women’s Rights – Abigail Adams - ‘Remember the Ladies’ - Education - Republican Motherhood - Disastrous for Native Americans - Spread Ideas of Natural Rights, Liberty, and Independence – Age of Revolutions Results of the War