Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Chapter 6 INVESTOR PARTICIPATION IN THE FINANCIAL MARKETS How should investors choose a broker? What are the various.

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Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Chapter 6 INVESTOR PARTICIPATION IN THE FINANCIAL MARKETS How should investors choose a broker? What are the various types of orders placed by investors? What is cyber trading? What are block trades and program trading? Who regulates the financial markets and protects investors?

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Choosing a broker Types of brokerage firms Full service firms Discount firms Deep discount firms Cyber (electronic) brokers Buying securities without a broker

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Dividend reinvestment plans No-load stock purchase programs

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Types of orders Market order –Definition How it is executed on the NYSE How it is executed on Nasdaq Spreads and decimal pricing Clearing procedures Limit orders Stop (or stop-loss) orders

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Margin transactions What is a margin transaction Initial and maintenance margin requirements Margin calls Risk/return characteristics of margin transactions Short sales

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Figure 6.2 – Illustration of Cash versus Margin Purchase

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Cyber trading History of cyber trading Advantages and disadvantages of cyber trading Low cost Easy, 24 hour access Delays in order execution –Margin calls are not required Day trading

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Block trades and program trading Block trades Definition The creation of block houses and the third market

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Program trading Wall Street definition Index arbitrage Circuit breakers employed by NYSE

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Investor protection Importance of investor confidence Government regulation in the United States The Securities & Exchange Commission Regulatory philosophy Full and fair disclosure Prospectus Insider trading State regulation

Contemporary Investments: Chapter 6 Securities regulation in other countries Modeled on U.S. regulation Japan Canada Industry self regulation Professional rules of conduct NASD rules AIMR standards Arbitration and discipline procedures Market surveillance