KING JAMES PLANTATION 2 ND YR

Ulster By 1590 most of Ireland under Eng rule Except Ulster Ulster was still controlled by Gaelic irish Ruling clans were O’Neills + O’Donnells

O’neills and O’Donnells Were earls Ancesters had done ‘surrender and regrant’ Practised Brehon law Followed Gaelic customs Worried about Ulster coming under Eng control

9 YRS WAR Arrival of Eng officials Trying to establish eng law Caused o’neill to plan a rebellion United with other Ulster clans Went to war against queen Eliz

Spanish help Requested help – soliders and arms - From Spain. Why Spain? Spanish arrived in Kinsale in 1601 O’neill and army marched South

Br army reached Kinsale first Fierce battle Br army beat Spanish and Irish Eliz died (peacefully) at end of war

King James 1 New king treated Earls leniently Why? Wanted peace in Ireland But the Gaelic Irish felt humiliated Couldn’t accept Eng rule

Flight of the Earls In 1607 they left Ireland for the continent Hope to persuade Spain to send another army But in the end, they never came back

Planning a plantation James decided to plant Ulster Used the land vacated by the lords Declared them traitors + confiscated land Divided Ulster into 6 counties

Estates James learnt from Eliz’s plantation mistakes Knew smaller estates would be easier to defend Divided land into 1,000; 1,500; 2,000 acres Also, had 3 diff types of planter

Undertakers Who? Scottish and Eng landowners Got 2,000 acres estates Paid little rent to king Had to bring Eng tenants Must not rent land to irish Must not employ irish servants

Undertakers (2) They must practise Protestant religion Impose common law Establish towns Set up trade and industry there

Servitors 2 nd type of settlers Who? Mainly soldiers in Br army Got 1,500 acres paid more rent to king They could rent land to irish tenants Could employ irish servants Must promote common law and protestant religion

Loyal Irish Who? Gaelic landowners loyal to king Got 1,000 acres Paid most rent Could rent land to irish tenants Could employ irish servants Had to accept common law

Special County: Derry Split into 12 areas Given to 12 London companies..to set up their trades there and to invest money in planting it

Towns Two main towns built there Londonderry and Coleraine Gaelic irish had to live outside walls On bogside Catholic area in Derry still called bogside

Results of Plantation V successful (for British) 1. New settlers – 40,000 came to Ulster 2. New landowners – these settlers owned all land Gaelic irish rented land, but didn’t own it 3. New laws – eng judges brought in common law Courthouse and jails built in towns

Results of Plantation (2) 4. Religion – most settlers were Protestant Ie Scottish settlers were Presbyterian Half of Ulster still protestant 5. Settlers brought in new ways of farming Grew more crops Organised farmer markets

Results of Plantation (3) 6. Plantation towns built V diff to Medieval towns Well planned – wide sts Square – called a Diamond – in middle Markets held here Protestant Church Courthouses and jail

Problems of Plantation Some problems arose Religious division – settlers were Protestant....natives were Catholic Many undertakers didn’t build strong defences..and took on Gaelic tenants.

Result More Gaelic irish than settlers Angry at losing land and rights Remained a serious threat to the settlers Often attacked them

Vocab Recap 9 Yrs War. Earl Servitor Loyal irish Presbyterian Common law Diamond

Recap What did James learn from Eliz’s mistake? How did the land become available? Who were the main irish clans in Ulster? What happened in Co Derry?

write down 5 diffs in rules between undertakers and loyal irish

Recap – write down 5 results of the Ulster Plantation