1 Is CALL an effective way to learn listening and speaking? —A Case Study of CALL Model and Traditional Learning Model on English Listening and Speaking Languages School of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications ( 北京邮电大学 语言学院 ) Liu Aijun （刘爱军）

2 I. CALL Stages and Constructivism Theory  CALL has developed gradually over the last 30 years and can be categorized in three phases: 1) Behavioristic CALL 2) Communicative CALL 3) Integrative CALL

3 Constructivism Constructivism  Briefly, constructivism's focus is on less teacher talk and more student talk.  The very nature of Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) allows for constructivist approaches. Communication is learner-centered and teacher talk is minimized.

4 II. The Former Application of Constructivism Theory in Language Teaching and Learning Since constructivism attaches great im- portance to the student-centered communi- cations and interaction, it has somewhat been proved to be effective in listening and speaking in language learning, especially in second language learning.

5 Research Questions: Research Questions:  In a College English Learning situation, students in slow class with CALL model would attain a higher proficiency in listening and speaking than those with traditional learning model, for students in CALL environment may arrange their own learning plans freely and focus on their weaknesses accordingly.

6 Research Questions: Research Questions:  In a College English Learning situation, students in fast class with CALL model would attain a higher proficiency in listening and speaking than those with traditional learning model.

7 III. The Research Design 1.Method 2.Instruments and Procedures 3.Results 1) Results of slow classes

8 Table 1 t-test of CET-1 listening scores for experimental group & control group of slow classes Groupt-value Significance Experimental Group (N=30) vs Control Group (N=30)

9 Table 2 t-test of CET-1 Speaking scores for experimental group & control group of slow classes Groupt-value Significance Experimental Group (N=30) vs Control Group (N=30)

10 Table 3 t-test of listening scores of pretest and posttest for experimental group Testt-value Significance Pretest vs Posttest Table 4 t-test of speaking scores of pretest and posttest for experimental group Testt-value Significance Pretest vs Posttest

11 2) Results of fast classes Table 5 t-test of CET-1 listening scores for experimental group & control group of fast classes Groupt-value Significance Experimental Group (N=20) vs Control Group (N=20)

12 Table 6 t-test of CET-1 Speaking scores for experimental group & control group of fast classes Groupt-value Significance Experimental Group (N=20) vs Control Group (N=20)

13 Table 7 t-test of listening scores of pretest and posttest for experimental group Testt-value Significance Pretest vs Posttest Table 8 t-test of speaking scores of pretest and posttest for experimental group Testt-value Significance Pretest vs Posttest

14 IV. Conclusion   Statistical analysis revealed that students in slow class with CALL model were significantly better in listening and speaking than those with traditional learning model.

15 IV. Conclusion   The analysis also showed that students in fast class with CALL model were significantly better in listening and speaking than those with traditional learning model.

16 IV. Conclusion   It has been found that students in slow class performed significantly better in posttest (listening and speaking) than in pretest.

17 IV. Conclusion   However, although students in fast class also performed significantly better in posttest of speaking than in pretest, they showed no better in posttest of listening than in pretest.

18 IV. Conclusion   From these findings, we may further confirm that CALL is an effective way to study English, especially listening and speaking. And it is indeed a more effective way to the average students or those below average.

19 IV. Conclusion   For some top students, since they have already reached a relatively high level in listening or speaking, it is somewhat difficult for them to go for even a higher stage. So teachers should find new ways to stimulate these top students to make greater progress in English study.

20 IV. Conclusion   From these findings, we may further confirm that CALL is an effective way to study English, especially listening and speaking. And it is indeed a more effective way to the average students or those below average. Further study is to be done as to whether CALL is also helpful to reading and writing in a wider range.

21