Social Change And Modernization Sociology 4/25/2017 Social Change And Modernization Preview Section 1: Explaining Social Change Section 2: Modernization Chapter Wrap-Up Chapter 18

Section 1: Explaining Social Change Read to Discover What theories have social scientists offered to explain the process of social change? How have the theories on social change evolved?

Section 1: Explaining Social Change Question What are the four theories of social change?

Section 1: Explaining Social Change THEORIES OF SOCIAL CHANGE THEORY TYPES CRITICISMS Cyclical  Spengler  Sorokin focused on describing what is, instead of why things happen Evolutionary  Early  Modern  biased toward the West; does not explain why change occurs  does not explain short-term changes or wars Equilibrium  Parsons does not explain wide-spread social change within or between societies Conflict  Marx  Dahrendorf  does not always lead to revolution does not explain change without conflict

Section 1: Explaining Social Change Cyclical Spengler—four stages: childhood, youth, adulthood, old age Sorokin—fluctuation between ideational culture (spiritual) and sensate culture (scientific) with idealistic culture in the middle

Section 1: Explaining Social Change Evolutionary Early—progress through distinct stages toward complexity Modern—tendency to go along many paths toward increasing complexity

Section 1: Explaining Social Change Equilibrium Parsons—occurs as society adapts to maintain stability after a change in one area; involves differentiation and integration

Section 1: Explaining Social Change Conflict Marx—results from class conflict and revolution Dahrendorf—results from social conflicts in all forms

Section 1: Explaining Social Change How Theories of Social Change Evolved Older theories focused more on describing social change and suggested that all societies follow similar patterns of development Modern theories provide for different patterns of development and focus more on why societies change

Section 2: Modernization Sociology 4/25/2017 Section 2: Modernization Read to Discover How do modernization theory and world-system theory differ in their views on modernization in less-developed nations? What are some of the positive and negative effects of modernization on social life and the natural environment? Chapter 18

Section 2: Modernization Modernization Theory—argues that less-developed countries will eventually modernize as they begin to industrialize World-systems Theory—argues that the concentration of wealth and power in core nations slows modernization in less-developed countries

Section 2: Modernization Question What are the positive and negative consequences of modernization on social life?

Section 2: Modernization EFFECTS OF MODERNIZATION Positive Negative  Increase in standard of living  Longer life expectancies  Lower birthrates  Higher rates of literacy  Decrease in economic and social inequality  More personal comforts  Improved infrastructure  Electricity and communication technology  Establishment of educational institutions  Loss of some traditional authority for the family and religion  Weaker social relationships and increased feelings of social isolation  Moral and ethical questions  Some environmental problems  Some health problems

Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas Sociology 4/25/2017 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas According to Pitirim Sorokin, how do ideational and sensate cultures differ? What are the major features of the evolutionary theory of social change? Briefly describe the equilibrium theory of social change. Why does this theory appeal to some sociologists? Why do conflict theorists view social change as inevitable? Why did modernization theory have a strong following in the 1950s and 1960s? What moral and ethical issues does modern technology pose? Chapter 18